| antianxiety drugs | Commonly known as tranquilizers; drugs that reduce anxiety by making individuals calmer and less excitable.
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| antidepressant drugs | Drugs that regulate mood
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| antipsychotic drugs | Powerful drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns in people who have a severe psychological disorder, especially schizophrenia
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| aversive conditioning | (classical conditioning) Treatment that consists of repeated pairings of the undesirable behavior with aversive stimuli to decrease the behavior’s rewards.
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| behavior modification | The application of operant conditioning principles to change human behaviors; especially to replace unacceptable, maladaptive behaviors with acceptable, adaptive behaviors.
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| behavior therapies | Therapies that use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.
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| biological therapies | Treatments to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering the way an individual’s body functions
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| client-centered therapy | Rogers's humanistic therapy in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client's self-concept and encourage the client to gain insight about problems.
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| cognitive therapies | Therapies emphasizing that individuals' cognitions, or thoughts, are the main source of abnormal behavior and psychological problems.
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| cognitive-behavior therapy | Therapy consisting of a combination of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy; self-efficacy is an important goal of cognitive-behavior therapy
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| couples therapy | Group therapy with married or unmarried couples whose major problem lies within their relationship.
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| dream analysis | The psychotherapeutic technique used to interpret a person's dream. Psychoanalysts believe that dreams contain information about the individual's unconscious thoughts and conflicts.
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| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | Commonly called shock therapy; a treatment used for severely depressed individuals that causes a seizure to occur in the brain.
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| family therapy | Group therapy with family members.
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| free association | The psychoanalytic technique of having individuals say aloud whatever comes to mind.
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| gestalt therapy | Perls's humanistic therapy in which the therapist challenges clients to help them become more aware of their feelings and face their problems
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| humanistic therapies | Therapies that encourage clients to understand themselves and to grow personally. The humanistic therapies are unique in their emphasis on self-healing capacities.
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| insight therapy | A therapy that encourages insight and self-awareness; includes the psychodynamic and humanistic therapies.
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| integrative therapy | A combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapist's judgment of which particular techniques will provide the greatest benefit for the client.
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| lithium | A drug that is widely used to treat bipolar disorder
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| post-traumatic growth | Improvements individuals can see in themselves as a result of a struggle with negative life events.
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| psychoanalysis | Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual's unconscious thoughts. Freud believed that clients' current problems could be traced to childhood experiences, many of which involved conflicts about sexuality.
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| psychodynamic therapies | Therapies that stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of experiences in the early childhood years. The goal of the psychodynamic therapies is to help individuals recognize their maladaptive ways of coping and the sources of their unconscious conflicts.
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| psychosurgery | A biological therapy that involves removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual's adjustment
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| psychotherapy | The nonmedical process used by mental health professionals to help individuals recognize and overcome their problems
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| rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) | A therapy based on Ellis's assertion that individuals develop a psychological disorder because of their beliefs, especially those that are irrational and self-defeating; the goal of REBT is to get clients to eliminate self-defeating beliefs by rationally examining them.
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| reflective speech | A technique in which the therapist mirrors the client's own feelings back to the client.
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| resistance | The psychoanalytic term for the client's unconscious defense strategies that prevent the analyst from understanding the person's problems.
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| systematic desensitization | A method of behavior therapy based on classical conditioning that treats anxiety by getting the person to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations.
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| therapeutic alliance | The relationship between the therapist and client.
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| transference | The psychoanalytic term for the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life.
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| well-being therapy (WBT) | A short-term, problem-focused, directive therapy that encourages clients to accentuate the positive.
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