Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications (Lewis), 9th Edition

Chapter 10: Gene Action: From DNA to Protein

Practice Tests

1
The process of copying a gene's DNA sequence into a sequence of RNA is called _____.
A)replication
B)transcription
C)translation
D)PCR
2
RNA contains which nitrogen-containing bases?
A)adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
B)adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
C)thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
D)adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
3
Which of the following statements is true regarding introns?
A)Introns are the parts of mRNA that are translated.
B)Introns have no function.
C)In general, human genes have fewer introns than genes of other organisms.
D)Introns are removed from mRNA molecules.
4
Which mode of information transfer usually does not occur?
A)DNA to DNA
B)DNA to RNA
C)DNA to protein
D)All of the above occur in a working cell.
5
A geneticist isolates a gene for a specific trait under study. She also isolates the corresponding mRNA. Upon comparison, the mRNA is found to contain 1,000 fewer bases than the DNA sequence. Did the geneticist isolate the wrong DNA?
A)Yes, mRNA is made from a DNA template and should be the same length as the gene sequence.
B)Yes, the mRNA should contain more bases than the DNA sequence because bases flanking the gene are also transcribed.
C)No, the final mRNA contains only exons, the introns were removed.
D)No, the mRNA was partially degraded after it was transcribed.
6
RNA is synthesized against one strand of the double helix with the assistance of the enzyme _____.
A)ligase
B)DNA polymerase
C)RNA polymerase
D)aminoacyl transferase
7
Which molecule contains codons?
A)DNA
B)mRNA
C)tRNA
D)rRNA
8
Transcription occurs in the ____ direction along the template strand forming an mRNA in the ____ direction.
A)5' to 3'; 5' to 3'
B)5' to 3'; 3' to 5'
C)3' to 5'; 5' to 3'
D)3' to 5'; 3' to 5'
9
____ regulate which genes or subsets of genes are transcribed in a particular cell type.
A)Transcription factors
B)Chaperone proteins
C)RNA polymerases
D)Transcription is not regulated.
10
A DNA strand with the sequence 3' AACGTAACG 5' is transcribed. What is the sequence of the mRNA molecule synthesized?
A)5' AACGTAACG 3'
B)5' UUGCAUUGC 3'
C)5' AACGUAACG 3'
D)5' TTGCATTGC 3'
11
What form of RNA binds to both the codon and an amino acid?
A)mRNA
B)tRNA
C)rRNA
D)None of the above.
12
What area of a gene does the RNA polymerase bind to?
A)promoter
B)exon
C)intron
D)codon
13
Following transcription, how is the 5' end of mRNA modified in eukaryotic cells?
A)It is not modified.
B)It is removed by alternative splicing.
C)A poly A tail is added.
D)A cap is added.
14
RNA is transcribed using the ____ strand of DNA.
A)coding
B)alternate
C)template
D)non-template
15
Which of the statements below is FALSE?
A)The genetic code is overlapping.
B)The genetic code is universal.
C)Degenerate codons specify the same amino acids.
D)The genetic code is triplet in nature.
16
Transcription and translation of a gene composed of 30 nucleotides would form a protein containing no more than ____ amino acids.
A)10
B)15
C)60
D)90
17
The first mRNA codon to specify an amino acid in a protein sequence is always _____.
A)TAC
B)UAA
C)UAG
D)AUG
18
Transfer RNAs bind to messenger RNAs during translation via their _____.
A)codon
B)anticodon
C)template
19
Of the ____ different possible codons, ____ specify amino acids and ____ signal stop.
A)20; 17; 3
B)180; 20; 60
C)64; 61; 3
D)61; 60; 1
20
The effort to decipher the genetic code was led by ____.
A)Nirenberg and Matthaei
B)Lederberg
C)Watson
D)Crick
21
An antibiotic interferes with the ability of the ribosome to move. What effect would exposure to this chemical have on a bacterial cell?
A)Protein synthesis will be enhanced.
B)The protein synthesized will be shorter than normal.
C)The protein synthesized will be longer than normal.
D)No proteins will be produced.
22
What sequence on the template strand of DNA corresponds to the first amino acid inserted into a protein?
A)TAC
B)UAA
C)UAG
D)AUG
23
Which of the following is an example of the degeneracy of the genetic code?
A)A given amino acid has more than one codon.
B)Each codon specifies more than one amino acid.
C)The first base specifies the amino acid.
D)The genetic code is not degenerate.
24
During translation, the _____ site within the ribosome holds the growing amino acid chain while the ____ site holds the next amino acid to be added to the chain.
A)A; P
B)P; A
C)A; B
D)B; A
25
Translation terminates when _____.
A)the A site is empty
B)a stop codon is present in the A site
C)a release factor is present in the P site
D)translation reaches the end of the mRNA
26
In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the _____ and translation occurs in the ______.
A)nucleus; nucleus
B)nucleus; cytoplasm
C)cytoplasm; cytoplasm
D)cytoplasm; nucleus
27
True or False. The template strand of DNA for one gene may be the coding strand of DNA for another gene.
A)True
B)False
28
When more than one polypeptide is present in the functioning protein, all of the polypeptides together form the _____.
A)primary structure
B)secondary structure
C)tertiary structure
D)quaternary structure
29
The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain comprises the ____ structure of the protein.
A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
30
Loops, coils and sheets are introduced at the ____ level of protein structure.
A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
31
Interactions between the R groups and water are responsible for the ____ level of protein structure.
A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
32
The ____ is a multiprotein structure shaped like a barrel through which misfolded proteins pass and are refolded or dismantled.
A)spliceosome
B)lysosome
C)proteasome
D)peroxisome
33
The sugar found in a DNA nucleotide is ____, while the sugar found in an RNA nucleotide is ____.
A)ribose; deoxyribose
B)deoxyribose; ribose
C)glucose; sucrose
D)sucrose; glucose
34
The structure of DNA is ____, while RNA is generally ____.
A)double-stranded; single-stranded
B)single-stranded; double-stranded
C)compact; loose
D)loose; compact
35
In RNA, uracil forms a complementary base pair with _____.
A)guanine
B)thymine
C)adenine
D)cytosine
36
Read by ribosomes during translation, ____ provides the instructions for building a protein.
A)mRNA
B)rRNA
C)tRNA
D)DNA
37
The structural part of ribosomes, ____ also acts like an enzyme by catalyzing protein synthesis.
A)mRNA
B)rRNA
C)tRNA
D)DNA
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