Marine Biology (Castro), 8th Edition

Chapter 1: The Science of Marine Biology

Chapter Quiz

1
Marine Biology can best be described as:
A)The study of life
B)The study of the marine environment
C)The study of marine animals
D)All of the above
2
An oceanographer might study which of the following?
A)Heat tolerance of coastal barnacles
B)The influence of the Loop Current on seasonal growth of open-sea algae
C)Yearly oxygen production by salt marsh grasses
D)How mole crabs burrow in sand.
3
Ancient people often had knowledge of which of the following?
A)Edible shellfish
B)Migrations of whales
C)Giant squid
D)Life in the ocean depths
4
Modern biologists still might consult the results of the Challenger expedition to
A)Look at their charts of the South Pole.
B)See the results of experiments in their on-board scientific laboratory.
C)Consult Edward Forbes' reports on the fauna.
D)Compare their deep-sea specimens with those taken by this expedition.
5
The voyages of Captain Cook provided which of the following?
A)Soundings of the deep sea
B)Reliable navigational charts
C)The first exploration of northern polar regions
D)An explanation for the formation of atolls.
6
One of the earliest influential American marine biologists was
A)Malcolm Forbes.
B)Ed Ricketts.
C)Victor Andouin.
D)Louis Agassiz.
7
Which is true of scuba gear?
A)It was invented as part of the war effort during World War II.
B)The inventor was a marine biologist stationed at Woods Hole.
C)It uses compressed air.
D)It can be used safely to depths of up to 100 m (300 feet).
8
An example of an underwater robot could be which of the following?
A)ROV
B)Critter cam
C)Satellite
D)Passive sonar system
9
Which new technology has advanced our understanding of large scale ocean features such as ocean currents?
A)Marine labs
B)ROVs
C)AUVs
D)Remote sensing
10
Sonar uses pulses of radio waves to probe the depths of the oceans.
A)True
B)False
11
What is the scientific method?
A)A way to prove hypotheses correct
B)A systematic means of observation and reasoning
C)A method that uses induction
D)A method that proves educated guesses
12
A scientific theory is used to describe something that is a controversial or provisional hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
13
Which of the following could be a valid scientific hypothesis?
A)Moray eels find their prey primarily by following chemical cues.
B)Dolphins communicate by using brain waves.
C)It is immoral to keep dolphins in captivity.
D)Dogs are superior in regard to seals.
14
A swimmer sees a large blue jellyfish nearby. Jellyfishes are known to sting, so the swimmer moves away. The swimmer did which of the following?
A)Used inductive reasoning
B)Used deductive reasoning
C)Constructed a theory
D)Tested a hypothesis
15
A scientific theory has which of the following properties?
A)It agrees with available evidence and all alternative hypotheses have been ruled out.
B)It cannot be rejected.
C)It has been absolutely proven.
D)It does not need to be altered in the light of new evidence.
16
A marine biologist wishes to test the hypothesis that heavy grazing by snails causes the alga Ulva to stay short rather than grow upright. Which of the following variables could be manipulated successfully at the seashore to test this hypothesis?
A)Add nutrients to the nearby ocean waters to see if the algae grow taller
B)Put a small cage around the algae to keep snails from eating them and then see if the protected algae are taller than unprotected ones
C)Change the light intensity to see if this causes the algae to stay short
D)Redirect ocean waves to see if wave shock causes the algae to stay short
17
Old stories tell of gigantic sea serpents, possibly ancient reptiles called plesiosaurs. To prove that they still exist, the most useful scientific evidence would be which of the following?
A)Good photographs of the creatures
B)Reliable eye-witness accounts of seeing them
C)Unexplained bite marks on fish
D)A fresh skull with flesh still attached
18
New technology, such as AUVs, allows scientists to observe marine mammals in which situation?
A)In captivity
B)From the surface
C)From stranded or dead animals
D)Underwater in the open sea
19
Automated floats can be used to
A)Take pictures of whales and other diving mammals.
B)Measure water temperature at 2,000 m.
C)Forecast the tracks of hurricanes.
D)Identify plankton from their DNA.
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