Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 10th Edition (Shier)

Chapter 18: Water, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance

Pre-Test

1
The most important factor in heat-related deaths is
A)inadequate intake of water
B)high temperatures
C)poor ventilation
D)advanced age
2
Which of the following statements about fluid and electrolyte balance is true?
A)Fluid balance is independent of electrolyte balance.
B)The concentration of an individual electrolyte is the same throughout the body.
C)The composition of fluid varies across different compartments in the body.
D)Water is evenly distributed throughout the tissues of the body.
3
Which of the following electrolytes is most concentrated within the cell?
A)sodium
B)bicarbonate
C)chloride
D)potassium
4
The highest concentration of protein is found in
A)intracellular fluid
B)interstitial fluid
C)blood plasma
D)lymph
5
The most likely cause of net fluid movement is a change in
A)osmotic pressure
B)overall water balance
C)interstitial fluid pressure
D)hydrostatic pressure
6
Most of the volume of water taken in each day comes from
A)beverages
B)moist food such as lettuce and tomatoes
C)food of all kinds
D)oxidative metabolism of nutrients
7
Thirst is experienced when
A)the mucosa of the mouth begins to lose water
B)water intake exceeds water output
C)the hypothalamus is stimulated by increasing osmotic pressure of blood
D)the cortex of the brain is stimulated by shifts in sodium concentration
8
Which of the following is a means of insensible water loss?
A)loss from the lungs during breathing
B)as urine
C)in feces
D)as sweat
9
The primary regulator of water output is
A)loss in feces
B)evaporation as sweat
C)urine production
D)loss during respiration
10
The volume of water lost is mainly regulated by mechanisms in the
A)glomerulus
B)proximal convoluted tubule
C)loop of Henle
D)distal convoluted tubule
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