Marine Biology (Castro), 9th Edition

Chapter 17: Resources from the Sea

Chapter Quiz

1
Food from the sea represents about _____ of all food eaten by humans.
A)1%
B)10%
C)30%
D)50%
2
Most of the world's fishing people are employed in high-tech fishing fleets.
A)True
B)False
3
Seafood is very important to people because it is a critical source of:
A)Carbohydrates
B)Lipids
C)Protein
D)Anti-oxidents
4
The highest catches of finfish are:
A)Herring, sardines, and related fishes.
B)Tuna.
C)Salmon.
D)Cod.
5
If one looks at the world commercial catches of seafood, the total amounts
A)Have fluctuated widely between years.
B)Peaked in 1990 and since then have declined.
C)Are still increasing.
D)Are about triple of what they were in 1975.
6
Which of these fisheries of the Grand and Georges Banks off eastern Canada and the northeastern United States once provided one of the richest fisheries in the world but now are nearly gone and was thus closed in 1992?
A)Herring
B)Salmon
C)Tuna
D)Cod
7
Clupeid fishes are used to produce all of these products except
A)Fish flour.
B)Fish meal protein supplements for livestock feeds.
C)Gourmet food.
D)Fish oil.
8
The commercial cod fishery
A)Has collapsed just about everywhere.
B)Continues in the seas off Norway.
C)Has been reopened at Georges Bank.
D)Will never be reopened due to the UNCLOS Treaty.
9
The clupeoid fishes such as herrings, anchovies, and sardines feed on:
A)Detritus
B)Bacteria
C)Plankton
D)Large macro algaes
10
The sustainable yield for a fishery is:
A)The amount that can be caught and maintain a stable population.
B)The maximum amount that can be caught using legal methods.
C)The highest percentage of the young.
D)The maximum amount of the reproductive members of that species.
11
The maximum sustainable yield of a harvested fish population depends on all of these except:
A)The size and age of fish caught.
B)The reproductive and growth rates and lifespans of the fish.
C)Interactions with competing species.
D)Whether the fish is demersal or pelagic.
12
Even if fishing is stopped on an overexploited species, it may not recover its population levels because of all of these factors but which one?
A)Irregular natural cycles
B)Competition from other species
C)Predation on young
D)The reproductive population has been reduced too far.
13
If only the largest fish in a population are caught, the population may decline because:
A)These are the most competitive fish.
B)These produce more eggs than juvenile ones.
C)Smaller fish eat more food than big ones.
D)Smaller fish will escape from nets and never return to the area where they were caught.
14
When underutilized species of marine animals caught as a result of valuable species of animals being caught and usually discarded this is called:
A)Over-exploitation
B)Sustainable yield
C)By-catch
D)Catch-effort
15
Recent studies have shown that around 90% of the original stocks of large-size marine fishes remain in the oceans.
A)True
B)False
16
Which of these is the major factor that has made Peru is one of the top fisheries countries because of the Peruvian anchovy fisheries?
A)High-technology fishing equipment
B)Dry coastal climate
C)Prudent management of the resource
D)Upwelling
17
Which of these policies is used to manage fisheries in the EEZ of the U.S.A.?
A)Banning fishing vessels of all foreign nations.
B)Setting limits on mesh sizes of nets.
C)Strictly following free-market forces.
D)Maintaining an open fishery to all nations.
18
Overexploitation of cod in the North Atlantic has led to new fisheries for mackerel, which are eaten by cod. This is an example of:
A)Use of by-catch.
B)Fishing lower on the trophic pyramid.
C)A small-scale local fishery.
D)Ecological replacement.
19
Open mariculture refers to the practice of raising marine organisms in enclosures that are open to more-or-less natural conditions.
A)True
B)False
20
Open mariculture is used to grow mainly which of these?
A)Crabs and lobsters.
B)Fishes that can be bred and raised through their planktonic life cycle stages.
C)Oysters and seaweeds.
D)Sterile animals.
21
Unlike most harvested marine animals, the large numbers of krill around Antarctica are continuing to provide an increasing harvest each year and thus show no impacts from being harvested.
A)True
B)False
22
Salmon ranching relies on the ability of salmon to return to the site where they were hatched after maturing at sea.
A)True
B)False
23
The reason that mariculture today is mostly used to grow luxury foods instead of cheap fish for the world's poor is because:
A)Fish suitable for mariculture do not live near poor countries.
B)It is only in the past 100 years that anyone has tried to raise marine organisms in ponds.
C)No one has considered using biotechnology to improve yields from mariculture.
D)It requires expensive machinery and trained personnel and thus is very expensive to set up and operate.
24
Recreational fisheries can damage fish stocks because they:
A)Waste fish.
B)Take more fishes Than commercial fisheries.
C)Target and deplete large predatory fishes.
D)Tend to stay near shore.
25
A potential biomedical product from the oceans that has turned out to be ineffective is:
A)An extract of seaweeds, used to inhibit growth of tumors.
B)An adhesive from bacteria, used to seal wounds.
C)A toxin from puffers, used as a painkiller.
D)Shark cartilage, used to halt development of cancer.
26
Medically useful compounds are being found in soft, immobile marine animals because these animals have evolved effective biochemical defenses.
A)True
B)False
27
While desalination currently is being used in a few countries such as Saudi Arabia and is expanding elsewhere, the main factor that prevents it from being used to produce drinking water in arid parts of the U.S.A. is:
A)The technology still is being developed.
B)Seawater must be pumped from great depths.
C)Reverse osmosis cannot be used in small-scale projects.
D)It is expensive.
28
The evaporation of seawater to concentrate its minerals has been a technique used for centuries to obtain NaCl.
A)True
B)False
29
The main area that contains exploitable amounts of polymetallic nodules is:
A)The Mid-Atlantic Ridge
B)The deep equatorial Pacific
C)The Arctic Ocean
D)The Caspian Sea
30
These polymetallic nodules on the seafloor may be economically useful because they contain good proportions of:
A)Sodium, chloride, and bromine
B)Iron, sulfur, and copper
C)Manganese, nickle, and cobalt
D)Uranium, plutonium, and radium
31
To generate electricity from tidal energy, modern schemes require
A)A means to create a difference in water temperature.
B)Pumping nutrient-rich water from the depths.
C)Evaporating seawater.
D)Constructing barriers across narrow bays.
32
Today many navigation buoys can be powered by:
A)Thermal gradients.
B)Wave energy.
C)Tidal energy.
D)Methane.
33
Ocean thermal energy conversion is a technique that works best if the surface waters are much warmer than deeper waters, such as where there is a strong thermocline.
A)True
B)False
34
Offshore oil production involves all of these facilities except which one?
A)Platforms
B)Pipelines
C)Dredges
D)Drilling ships
35
Off-shore oil and gas production may soon be expanded to the:
A)Antarctic ice shelves
B)The Arctic Ocean
C)The Dead Sea
D)The Marianas Trench
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