Marine Biology (Castro), 9th Edition

Chapter 3: Chemical and Physical Features of Seawater and the World Ocean

Chapter Quiz

1
Which of the following are characteristics of water?
A)It contains hydrogen and oxygen units
B)It is a polar molecule
C)A substance with a high specific hear
D)All of the above
2
As the temperature of water rises, which of these happens?
A)Water molecules pack together.
B)Bonds form between hydrogen atoms in different water molecules.
C)Water molecules move more slowly.
D)Water molecules break free of hydrogen bonds.
3
When is water is most dense?
A)At 4°C.
B)At 3°C.
C)In ice.
D)When it freezes.
4
In boiling water, nearly all of the hydrogen bonds are broken.
A)True
B)False
5
Why can't desert lakes that have the same salinity as seawater support various types of marine fishes?
A)The amount of dissolved salts is not the same.
B)The water is too hot.
C)The oxygen concentration is too low.
D)The ratio of ions in the total salinity is different from that in seawater.
6
Which of these animals probably could undergo vertical movement in the water with the least difficulty from changes in pressure?
A)A fish with a swim bladder
B)A seal
C)A whale
D)A deep-sea shrimp
7
Salinity may not vary much from the surface to the depths far out at sea. If so, it would be easiest and least expensive to measure temperature versus depth with which devices?
A)XBTs
B)CTDs
C)Bottles with thermometers that "freeze"
D)Satellite data
8
Which of the following ions is found in the lowest concentrations in seawater?
A)Sodium
B)Calcium
C)Chloride
D)Fluoride
9
The major ocean currents, called gyres, are caused mainly by the trade winds and westerlies moving the ocean water at an angle due to the Coriolis effect.
A)True
B)False
10
During summer, a satellite map of sea surface temperatures for the coasts of the U.S.A. usually shows very cold water off California. Why might this be so?
A)California lies farther north than most states of the U.S.A. and thus is colder.
B)The current in the area runs from north to south originating off of Alaska.
C)Eastern sides of oceans generally are warmer than western sides.
D)The Coriolis effect deflects currents to the left in the northern hemisphere.
11
The longer the fetch is, the greater the mass of water that is transported by waves. Therefore the larger the ocean the bigger the average waves.
A)True
B)False
12
Trade winds in the Northern Hemisphere result from air sinking at about 30° N latitude, traveling back toward the equator, and moving from east towards the west relative to the ground due to the Coriolis effect.
A)True
B)False
13
The westerlies are the primary wind belt in the Temperate Zone latitudes.
A)True
B)False
14
In summer, the thermocline of the surface layer of the "three-layered ocean" will be deeper than during other seasons.
A)True
B)False
15
Surface water may become more dense and sink through the water column where it will displace and mix with deeper water. This process may also carry dissolved oxygen to greater depths than normal. This process is known as:
A)the Southern Oscillation
B)Downwelling
C)La Nina
D)Intermediate layer convergence
16
In waters of the continental shelf, the main thermocline:
A)Is at 1,500 m or deeper.
B)Separates the mixed layer from the deep layer.
C)Is a result of solar heating.
D)May not exist.
17
Why might the largest ocean waves of all occur just north of Antarctica?
A)Unlike the Arctic Ocean, the Southern Ocean has a land mass within it.
B)The weather is the worst on Earth in Antarctica.
C)Waves in the Southern Ocean can go around the world, and thus have the longest fetch.
D)Cold seas have bigger waves than warm ones.
18
Which of the following causes waves begin to break and create surf?
A)Because the bottom of the wave motions begins to drag along the bottom as it approaches the shore.
B)Wind velocities are always highest near shorelines.
C)Water is pushed up the continental slope from great depths.
D)Tidal forces act on the oceans only near the coastlines.
19
When do the highest tides occur?
A)When the sun and moon are at right angles to the Earth during the first quarter and last quarter moon phases.
B)When the moon comes closest to the Earth.
C)Only in the spring near the Vernal Equinox.
D)When the sun, moon and the Earth are in line during a full or new moon.
20
The greatest differences between high and low tides occur when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other.
A)True
B)False
21
In a normal semidiurnal tide lunar cycle, the time between a high tide and the next low tide is approximately 6 hrs. 12 min.
A)True
B)False
22
Which of the following would be a serious warning sign of an oncoming tsunami observable from the coast?
A)An earthquake in the Pacific Ocean.
B)Water receding out to sea, exposing reefs and leaving fish out of the water.
C)High waves in the open sea.
D)Very short wave lengths of incoming surf.
23
Because of the patterns of plate tectonic movements, which of the following oceans is more likely to have a tsunami?
A)the Pacific
B)the Atlantic
C)the Arctic
D)the Southern Ocean
24
Due to the Coriolis Force the which of the following is true of the major ocean current patterns or gyres?
A)They move counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.
B)They move clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
C)They move clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.
D)They go directly north in the Northern Hemisphere and directly south in the Southern Hemisphere due to convection.
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