Physical Science

Chapter 16: Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Solids, Liquids, and Gases

1.
The amount of energy needed to change a substance from a solid phase to a liquid phase is __________ .
A)heat of transformation
B)heat of fusion
C)melting point
D)heat of vaporization
2.
__________ is the energy an object has due to its motion.
A)Kinetic energy
B)Diffusion
C)Heat of fusion
D)Heat of vaporization
3.
When the temperature of a substance is lowered, its particles __________ .
A)escape the attractive forces of the other particles
B)vibrate more slowly
C)stop vibrating completely
D)vibrate more quickly
4.
Which of the following is a state of matter?
A)particle
B)diffuse
C)plasma
D)thermal
5.
What is the most common state of matter in the universe?
A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)plasma
6.
The SI unit of pressure is __________ .
A)charles
B)bernoulli
C)boyle
D)pascal
7.
According to Boyle's law, at a constant temperature, if the volume of a container of gas is __________, then pressure of the gas will __________ .
A)increased; decrease
B)increased; increase
C)decreased; increase
D)decreased; decrease
8.
Which of the following best describes particles in a solid?
A)particles tightly packed together
B)no attractive forces between particles
C)molecules slide past each other; sample takes shape of container
D)fills whatever container it is in
9.
Atoms in a solid material are arranged in a geometric pattern called a(n) __________ .
A)kinetic framework
B)crystal lattice
C)atomic model
D)thermal ideal
10.
The energy required to change a liquid to a gas is __________.
A)heat of fusion
B)boiling point
C)heat of vaporization
D)heat of sublimation
11.
Why can people on one side of a room smell the scent of an air freshener sprayed on the opposite side?
A)The air pressure where the freshener was sprayed is greater than in the rest of the room.
B)The molecules of air freshener have thermally expanded.
C)The molecules of air freshener are amorphous.
D)The molecules of air freshener have diffused.
12.
Bernoulli's principle states that as the velocity of a fluid __________, the pressure exerted by the fluid __________ .
A)increases; increases
B)decreases; decreases
C)decreases; increases
D)increases; decreases
13.
What causes a balloon to remain inflated?
A)Air particles continue to enter through the balloon's walls.
B)The walls of the balloon gradually compress the gas inside.
C)Air particles collide with the walls of the balloon.
D)The temperature of the air inside the balloon gradually decreases.
14.
__________ is the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it.
A)Viscosity
B)Thermal expansion
C)Buoyancy
D)Vaporization
15.
A fluid's resistance to flow is its __________ .
A)density
B)viscosity
C)pressure
D)buoyancy
16.
An object weighing 50 kg is floating in a fluid. What is the buoyant force of the fluid on the object?
A)Not enough information is given.
B)50 kg
C)> 50 kg
D)< 50 kg
17.
The supporting force exerted by a fluid on an object immersed in it is called __________ .
A)density
B)buoyant force
C)lift
D)viscosity
18.
According to the kinetic theory, all matter is composed of __________.
A)plasma
B)particles
C)solid material
D)waves
19.
The __________ of a substance is the temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy.
A)heat of vaporization
B)heat of fusion
C)melting point
D)boiling point
20.
Above sea level, water boils at a __________ temperature due to the __________ atmospheric pressure.
A)higher; decreased
B)lower; decreased
C)higher; increased
D)lower; increased