Glencoe World GeographyChapter 19:
North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia TodayChapter Overviews
Agriculture provides the livelihood of most people in the region, but there has
also been significant industrial growth, especially related to petroleum. Lack
of water and environmental concerns pose challenges for the region.
Living in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia Although only
small parts of the region are suitable for farming, much of the population works
in agriculture. Some crops are grown for export, but many foods must be imported.
The region holds much of the world's oil and natural gas reserves. Countries
rich in these resources have developed industries that boost their economies.
Roads, railroads, and airlines connect various cities and countries. Waterways
and pipelines provide transport for oil and natural gas. New technologies are
being used to expand communications networks, strengthening the region's interdependence
and global trade relationships. People and Their Environment The region's rivers, oases, and aquifers
are used as sources of water for people and for irrigation, but only a few countries
have enough water for their needs. Many countries have built desalination plants
to provide needed water. Wars and new technologies have had a negative impact
on the environment. The Aswan High Dam blocks alluvial soil from fertilizing
the Nile Valley. The Persian Gulf War resulted in air and water pollution. After
the breakup of the Soviet Union, contamination due to leaks of nuclear waste
and other pollutants became evident. Pollution and overuse of water for irrigation
also threaten the three large seas of the region. |