The Basics of Speech

Chapter 11: Constructing the Speech

Overview

Constructing a well-written and well-organized speech requires planning. Most formal speeches have a three-part structure: introduction, body, and conclusion. The body of a speech contains the organizational pattern. The patterns of organization include time order, space order, process order, topical order, and problem-solution order. Time order refers to arranging the points of a speech into a time-related pattern. Space order refers to organizing a speech on the basis of physical relationships between people, places, or objects. Process order refers to explaining the way something works or the way something is made. Topical order refers to dividing a speech topic into its natural parts. Problem-solution order refers to organizing information around a problem or set of problems and the possible solutions.

In addition to the organizational structure, the use of language is important in a speech. To make sure the audience understands the message, a speaker should use language that is accurate, clear, appropriate, and original. Figures of speech, such as similes, metaphors, personification, and hyperbole are ways of making language more imaginative and memorable. Transitional language forms links between ideas, thereby helping listeners follow the message. Successful speakers take the time to carefully plan and organize their thoughts and words.