Glencoe Earth Science

Chapter 21: Our Impact on Water and Air

Our Impact on Water and Air

1.
If something measures 7 on the pH scale, it is __________.
A)basic
B)debatable
C)acidic
D)neutral
2.
Point-source pollution enters water __________.
A)from unknown sources
B)from many different sites
C)from a specific location
D)slowly through seeping soil along pipelines
3.
All of the following are sources of air pollution except __________.
A)generating electricity from fossil fuels
B)plowing fields
C)riding your bike
D)car pooling
4.
What was the main cause of the joint U.S.-Canadian effort to reduce water pollution?
A)the thinning of the ozone layer
B)the pollution of Lake Erie
C)demonstrations
D)political pressure
5.
Is ozone that is near Earth's surface beneficial or harmful?
A)Beneficial; it cleans the air.
B)Harmful; it doesn't let enough sunlight through.
C)Beneficial; it protects Earth from the Sun's harmful rays.
D)Harmful; it is a major component of smog, and can damage sensitive tissues.
6.
How is photochemical smog formed?
A)with humidity
B)with sunlight
C)with electricity
D)with rain
7.
Water from the atmosphere is considered a(n) __________.
A)direct source
B)point source
C)indirect source
D)nonpoint source
8.
What is the largest source of water pollution in the United States?
A)smoke from factories
B)burning fields
C)sediment
D)car exhaust
9.
What has caused more than 130 metric tons of mercury to end up in the Amazon River?
A)Factories have dumped it into the river.
B)It has been eroded off the banks of the river.
C)decomposing animals on the floor of the river
D)miners looking for gold
10.
What precautions have been taken to protect the environment from gasoline as as a polluting agent?
A)Tanks today must be made of only one layer of steel.
B)New and old underground tanks must have special equipment that detects leaks.
C)Tanks have been taken out of the ground and stored on land.
D)The gasoline has been watered down.
11.
What is the difference between pesticides and fertilizers?
A)Both benefit plants by nourishing and protecting them.
B)Fertilizers benefit by nourishing the plant, but pesticides harm them with chemicals.
C)There is no difference.
D)Pesticides benefit by nourishing the plant, but fertilizers harm them with chemicals.
12.
After metals are released into water bodies, they __________.
A)disappear immediately
B)evaporate within a year
C)remain in the environment for a long time
D)are washed out naturally
13.
What does it mean to conserve water?
A)to use more
B)to use the same amount
C)to not use any
D)to use less
14.
How does carbon monoxide poison a body?
A)It breaks down the tissue.
B)It chokes the blood vessels.
C)It kills red blood cells.
D)It replaces oxygen in the blood.
15.
The Montreal Protocol set forth plans for countries __________.
A)to phase out chlorofluorocarbons by 2000
B)to share the cost of cleaning oceans
C)to decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
D)to switch over to mass transit
16.
Particulate matter that is found in black smoke consists of __________.
A)all answers are correct
B)dust
C)pollen
D)soot
17.
What topographical reason contributes to Los Angeles's smog problem?
A)the strong winds coming off the water
B)the nearby ocean
C)The mountains to the east prevent smog from being carried away by prevailing winds.
D)The city's position on the globe receives more direct sunlight.
18.
How do sewage-treatment plants treat sewage?
A)They remove solid material.
B)They kill harmful bacteria.
C)all answers are correct
D)They lower nitrogen and phosphorous levels.
19.
How can algae affect a lake?
A)They can overtake a lake due to high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus.
B)When algae die and decompose, they can use up all the oxygen in the lake.
C)They can cause fish to die.
D)all answers are correct
20.
What does the Air Quality Index measure?
A)ozone levels
B)oxygen levels
C)carbon dioxide levels
D)smog levels