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| 1.
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What evidence proved that South America, Africa, India, and Australia were once covered by glaciers?
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| | A) | leftover portions of glaciers |
| | B) | cold climates |
| | C) | glacial deposits and rock surfaces scarred by glaciers |
| | D) | enormous valleys formed by glaciers |
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| 2.
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What happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate?
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| | A) | The less dense oceanic plate slides under the denser continental plate. |
| | B) | The denser oceanic plate slides on top of the less dense continental plate. |
| | C) | The less dense oceanic plate slides past the denser continental plate. |
| | D) | The denser oceanic plate slides under the less dense continental plate. |
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| 3.
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A divergent boundary is a boundary between two plates that __________.
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| | A) | slide along each other |
| | B) | move away from each other |
| | C) | move toward each other |
| | D) | converge |
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| 4.
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Do two colliding continental plates always cause volcanoes?
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| | A) | No, earthquakes always occur when two continental plates collide. |
| | B) | Yes, subduction always occurs when continental plates collide. |
| | C) | No, usually no subduction occurs when continental plates collide. |
| | D) | Yes, subduction always occurs when oceanic plates collide. |
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| 5.
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What clue supported the continental drift theory?
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| | A) | Similar rock structures have been found on different continents. |
| | B) | Fossils of animals have been found on continents separated by oceans. |
| | C) | a puzzle-like fit of all the continents |
| | D) | all answers are correct |
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| 6.
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What is the plate tectonic theory?
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| | A) | the belief that continents have moved slowly apart to their current locations on Earth |
| | B) | the belief that Earth is broken into sections that fit together into one sphere |
| | C) | the belief that hot, less dense material is forced up through Earth's crust through mid-ocean ridges |
| | D) | the belief that Earth's crust and upper mantle is broken into sections |
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| 7.
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What are strike-slip faults?
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| | A) | a boundary where rocks move in the same directions at the same rate |
| | B) | a boundary where rocks on the same side of the fault move in the same direction, but at different rates |
| | C) | a boundary where rocks on opposite sides of the fault move in opposite or the same directions at different rates |
| | D) | a boundary where rocks in the fault never move |
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| 8.
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Why was the discovery of no rocks older than 2 billion years old on the ocean floor so important?
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| | A) | This evidence proved that new seafloor features are constantly being added due to reversals of Earth's magnetic field. |
| | B) | This evidence proved that the rocks on the seafloor were older than rocks on continents. |
| | C) | This evidence proved that new seafloor features are constantly being added due to seafloor spreading. |
| | D) | This evidence proved that new seafloor features are constantly being added due to continental drift. |
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| 9.
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How do scientists explain the formation of underwater mountain ranges?
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| | A) | continental drift |
| | B) | convection currents |
| | C) | seafloor spreading |
| | D) | strike-slip faults |
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| 10.
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How do scientists use sound waves to figure out the shape of the ocean floor?
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| | A) | The longer it takes a sound wave to return to the ship, the more shallow the water is. |
| | B) | The longer it takes a sound wave to return to the ship, the colder the water is. |
| | C) | The less time it takes a sound wave to return to the ship, the deeper the water is. |
| | D) | The longer it takes a sound wave to return to the ship, the deeper the water is. |
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| 11.
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How can crust disappear at the edge of a boundary?
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| | A) | because new crust is being added to the other edge of the boundary |
| | B) | The other edge of the boundary is being pulled into Earth's core. |
| | C) | Gravity is pulling it down. |
| | D) | It is too dense and is sinking into Earth. |
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| 12.
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What is the difference between normal faults and rift valleys?
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| | A) | Rift valleys are formed from normal faults. |
| | B) | Normal faults occur in the northern hemisphere, but rift valleys only occur in the southern hemisphere. |
| | C) | Rift valley formation has nothing to do with normal faults. |
| | D) | Rift valleys sometimes occur near normal faults, but their formation is not related to these faults. |
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| 13.
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Who first proposed the theory of continental drift?
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| | A) | Galileo Galilee |
| | B) | Alfred Wegener |
| | C) | Albert Einstein |
| | D) | Harry Hess |
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| 14.
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What is a magnetic field reversal?
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| | A) | when Earth's magnetic field suddenly disappears for short periods of time |
| | B) | when Earth's magnetic field leaves the north pole and enters the south pole |
| | C) | when Earth's magnetic field suddenly runs east/west instead of south/north |
| | D) | when Earth's magnetic field leaves the south pole and enters the north pole |
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| 15.
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What do scientists believe is the force behind the plate tectonics theory?
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| | A) | the movement of the planets |
| | B) | convection currents |
| | C) | the Sun's gravity |
| | D) | gravity slab pull |
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| 16.
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What is a transform boundary?
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| | A) | A transform boundary is when two plates slide past one another. |
| | B) | A transform boundary is when two plates collide. |
| | C) | A transform boundary is when two plates move toward each other. |
| | D) | A transform boundary is when two plates pull away from each other. |
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| 17.
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How does the Mesosaurus fossil evidence support the continental drift theory?
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| | A) | because it's unlikely that the Mesosaurus could swim between continents |
| | B) | The Mesosaurus fossil evidence does not support the continental drift theory. It proves it wrong. |
| | C) | because the Mesosaurus lived millions of years ago, when scientists believe the continents began to drift |
| | D) | because it's unlikely that the Mesosaurus existed on both continents |
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| 18.
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What is the lithosphere?
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| | A) | the upper part of the mantle |
| | B) | the plates that make up the crust and the upper part of the mantle |
| | C) | large, flat stones sitting on top of malleable magma |
| | D) | the plates that make up the crust |
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| 19.
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What tool does a scientist use to detect magnetic fields?
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| | A) | a magnetogram |
| | B) | a magnetometer |
| | C) | a thermometer |
| | D) | a fieldometer |
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| 20.
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What happens to rock around a subducting slab?
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| | A) | It combines with the other rock. |
| | B) | It disappears from Earth. |
| | C) | It goes over the other plate. |
| | D) | It goes under the other plate. |
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