1.
1.e A) A transform boundary is when two plates move toward each other. B) A transform boundary is when two plates collide. C) A transform boundary is when two plates slide past one another. D) A transform boundary is when two plates pull away from each other. 2.
1.g A) outer core B) inner core C) boundaries D) aesthenosphere 3.
1.g A) sound waves B) tidal waves C) seismic waves D) air waves 4.
2.a A) alluvial fan B) V-shaped valley C) U-shaped valley D) moraine 5.
2.a A) because the lack of adequate vegetation affects the soil pressure and erosion rate B) because plant roots help keep the soil in place C) because soil erosion is stopped by reduced vegetation D) because gravity pulls on the plants and increases erosion 6.
2.a A) Chemical weathering occurs more rapidly in dry climates and physical weathering occurs more in windy climates. B) physical weathering occurs more rapidly in warm, wet climates, and chemical weathering occurs more in cold climates. C) Chemical weathering occurs more rapidly in warm, wet climates, and physical weathering occurs more in cold climates. D) Chemical and physical weathering occur more rapidly in warm, wet climates. 7.
1.d A) basaltic lava B) highly viscous lava C) ocean floor spreading D) colliding plates 8.
2.a A) Increased surface area allows for more interactions of rocks with plants and animals. B) Decreased surface area allows for more ice wedging. C) Increased surface area allows for more interactions of rocks with water and oxygen. D) Decreased surface area allows for more interactions of rocks with water and oxygen. 9.
2.b A) runoff B) erosion C) abrasion D) deflation 10.
1.g A) equator B) focus C) center D) epicenter 11.
1.g A) focus B) epicenter C) center D) equator 12.
1.d A) uplifting B) folding C) volcanic D) fault-block 13.
1.d A) uplifting B) the deposition of molten rock C) erosion D) folding 14.
1.g A) fusion B) kinetic energy C) radiation D) potential energy 15.
1.d A) has greater density than the rock B) has less density than the rock C) has the same density as the rock D) has no density 16.
2.d A) Landslides B) Tsunamis C) Liquefaction D) High tide 17.
1.d A) highly viscous lava eruptions B) explosive eruptions C) deep-sea eruptions D) fissure eruptions 18.
2.a A) carbonic acid B) plant roots C) burrowing by animals D) ice wedging 19.
1.g A) intensity III B) intensity Vlll C) intensity IV D) intensity Xll 20.
2.d A) it moves slowly so it is very hot B) it moves quickly so there is little warning C) it has water so it produces too much steam D) it is dry so it burns the landscape 21.
2.a A) It keeps it moist. B) It makes it more fertile. C) It washes it away. D) It moves the topsoil to other areas where it is more needed. 22.
1.g A) It records the height of the waves. B) It records the timing of the waves. C) It records the distance between the waves. D) It records the type of waves. 23.
2.d A) lava B) volcanic ash C) acid rain D) radiation 24.
1.d A) lava that is low in silica B) lava that is high in silica C) lava that is high in iron D) lava that is high in magnesium 25.
1.d A) lava that is slowly released from fissures B) lava that cools beneath the surface before an eruption C) very fluid lava D) lava that has cooled in midair after an eruption 26.
2.d A) turn off gas lines B) go to the beach C) turn off water lines D) leave the building 27.
2.b A) levees B) water tables C) geysers D) meanders 28.
1.d A) high silica, slow moving B) high silica, fast moving C) low silica, slow moving D) low silica, fast moving 29.
2.a A) mountains, valleys, and deserts B) mountains and deserts C) mountains, valleys, deserts, and coasts. D) mountains, deserts, and coasts 30.
1.e A) slide along each other B) converge C) move away from each other D) move toward each other 31.
2.d A) no changes in gas emissions B) many small earthquakes C) constant low temperatures D) no changes in the shape of the land 32.
1.d A) No volcano B) Cinder cone volcanoes C) Shield volcanoes D) Composite volcanoes 33.
2.a A) all the time B) only during heavy rains C) only during the dry season D) none of the time 34.
7.b A) observing changes in people's habitats B) observing constant temperature and land shape C) observing changes in temperature and land shape D) observing constant habitats for people and wildlife 35.
2.a A) level ground B) steep slopes C) in valleys D) on gently sloping hills 36.
1.g A) ones that only travel downward B) ones that travel deep within Earth C) ones that travel perpendicular to the mantle D) ones that travel along the surface 37.
2.d A) in an interior doorway B) near a window C) next to objects on a shelf D) outside near power lines 38.
2.a A) ice wedging B) erosion C) weathering D) oxidation 39.
2.a A) gravity B) mass movements C) chemical weathering D) physical weathering 40.
2.a A) Plant roots can help physical weathering occur, but have no impact on soil when it comes to chemical weathering. B) physical and chemical weathering can happen with the help of animals. C) Chemical weathering can occur with the help of water reacting with carbon dioxide, and water has nothing to do with physical weathering. D) physical weathering occurs when rocks are broken by physical processes, and chemical weathering happens when chemical reactions dissolve minerals. 41.
2.a A) freezing and thawing B) sunlight C) animals D) plants 42.
1.e A) Volcanoes cause plate tectonic movement. B) No connection exists between volcanoes and plate tectonic movement. C) Plate movement causes rocks to melt into magma. D) Plate movement causes rock to harden and cool underground. 43.
2.a A) rock slides B) glaciers C) lakes D) rivers 44.
1.d A) rocks breaking under pressure B) forces pushing/pulling on rocks C) elastic rebound D) all of the above 45.
2.d A) the buildings may not be strong enough B) the buildings may sink into the soil C) gas and water pipes may get broken D) seismic sea waves may occur 46.
1.g A) P-waves B) sound waves C) S-waves D) seismic waves 47.
1.d A) lava tube B) caldera C) lava dome D) sill 48.
2.a A) southwestern B) northeastern C) northwestern D) southeastern 49.
2.a A) ozone B) carbonic acid C) hydrochloric acid D) sulfuric acid 50.
1.g A) The arrival times have nothing to do with approximating the earthquake's location. B) The closer the arrival times of the different waves are, the farther away the earthquake is. C) The farther apart the arrival times of the different waves are, the closer the earthquake is. D) The farther apart the arrival times of the different waves are, the farther away the earthquake is. 51.
2.b A) The period of time the stream has been there. B) It flows quickly through a steep valley. C) the size of the stream D) the location of the stream 52.
1.g A) the number of jolts B) the size of the seismic waves C) the amount of energy released D) the effects of ground shaking 53.
1.e A) The plate that gets pushed underground melts to become magma. B) Colliding plates have nothing to do with volcanoes. C) The plate that gets pushed up creates a volcano. D) The plates that separate create a volcano. 54.
1.e A) These plates get pushed up and create volcanoes. B) Converging and diverging plates have nothing to do with volcanoes. C) because melting plates cause magma to form beneath the surface. D) These plate separate to create volcanoes. 55.
2.d A) They are exactly alike. B) They are similar, except volcanic ash has sharp particles. C) There is nothing similar about them. D) They are similar, except wood ash has no grains of material. 56.
1.g A) They measure the electrical conductivity of rocks. B) They measure movement along fault lines. C) They monitor groundwater levels. D) all of the above 57.
1.g A) fires B) shaking of the ground C) collapsing buildings and structures D) tsunamis 58.
1.e A) fissure eruptions B) hot spots C) island arcs D) volcanic arcs 59.
1.d A) watery B) fluid C) smooth D) thick 60.
2.c A) beach B) current C) tide D) wave
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