Focus On Physical Science: California Grade 8

Chapter 12: Stars and Galaxies

Standard Assessment

1.
What unit is used to measure distance outside Earth's solar system? 4.c
A)light-year
B)astronomical unit
C)kilometer
D)miles
2.
Another way to define "nebula" is __________. 4.d
A)exploding star
B)old star
C)dying star
D)young star
3.
What holds planets, stars, gas, and dust together in a galaxy? 4.a
A)forces
B)friction
C)gravity
D)inertia
4.
What unit is used to measure distance within our solar system? 4.c
A)light-year
B)astronomical unit
C)kilometer
D)miles
5.
The lower the apparent magnitude number is, the __________. 4.d
A)brighter the star is
B)dimmer the star is
C)brighter the star looks from Earth
D)dimmer the star looks from Earth
6.
The __________ __________ is a measure of the amount of light received on earth. 4.b
A)apparent measure
B)absolute magnitude
C)absolute measure
D)apparent magnitude
7.
Why do galaxies appear to move away from each other? 4.a
A)Others move closer together.
B)Stars still are being born.
C)The universe is expanding.
D)Galaxies are spinning.
8.
Earth's solar system might have begun as a __________. 2.g
A)galaxy
B)black hole
C)nebula
D)comet
9.
When a star becomes a supernova its brightness __________. 4.d
A)doesn't change
B)decreases
C)vanishes
D)increases
10.
How do stars begin? 2.g
A)when other stars become supernovae and shoot off smaller stars
B)They emerge from black holes.
C)when fusion begins in gas clouds in space
D)when white dwarfs start generating light again
11.
Fusion occurs when __________ and __________ combine to make energy. 4.d
A)carbon, oxygen
B)carbon, helium
C)hydrogen, oxygen
D)hydrogen, helium
12.
Once stars run out of hydrogen and the temperature begins to increase, these stars are said to be __________. 4.d
A)a white dwarf
B)a giant
C)a galaxy
D)a supernova
13.
What form of energy is light that is emitted from stars? 4.d
A)convection
B)convection
C)radiation
D)thermal
14.
What are groups of stars called? 4.a
A)supernovas
B)nebulae
C)black holes
D)galaxies
15.
What is the temperature of a star with a blue color? 4.b
A)medium for a star
B)cool
C)hot
D)the same as the Sun
16.
Our sun is considered a star of__________ temperature. 4.b
A)low
B)hot
C)cool
D)medium
17.
The __________ __________of a star is a measure of the amount of light it gives off. 4.b
A)absolute solitude
B)apparent magnitude
C)absolute magnitude
D)apparent strength
18.
Which star is the closest to Earth? 4.b
A)the Moon
B)the Sun
C)Ursa Major
D)Alpha Centauri
19.
What will be the final state of the Sun? 2.g
A)supernova
B)black hole
C)black dwarf
D)white dwarf
20.
The Moon orbits Earth and Earth orbits the Sun. What does the Sun orbit? 4.c
A)the solar system
B)the universe
C)It doesn't orbit.
D)the Milky Way
Grade 8
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