Focus On Physical Science: California Grade 8

Chapter 12: Stars and Galaxies

Standards Review

1.
Which is the best estimate for the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy? 4.a
A)thousands
B)billions
C)millions
D)millions
2.
What does the apparent magnitude of a star depend on? 4.b
A)color and distance from Earth
B)surface temperature and size
C)luminosity and distance from Earth
D)luminosity and size
3.
Which star has the highest surface temperature? 4.b
A)yellow star
B)red star
C)white star
D)blue star
4.
What is one light year? 4.c
A)the diameter of an average star
B)the distance from Earth to the Sun
C)the distance the Sun travels in one year
D)the distance light travels in one year
5.
Which two elements are the main components of stars? 4.d
A)carbon and hydrogen
B)carbon and helium
C)hydrogen and helium
D)helium and oxygen
6.
What produces the energy emitted by a star? 4.d
A)gravitational compression in the star's core
B)nuclear fusion reactions in the star's core
C)gravitational collapse of the outer layers
D)chemical reactions in the star's core
7.
The elements in a star can be identified by analyzing the star's _______. 4.d
A)absorption spectrum
B)continuous spectrum
C)core
D)temperature
8.
The outward pressure inside a star is due to _______. 4.d
A)gravitational forces
B)nuclear fusion reactions
C)a supernova
D)rapid contraction
9.
A low-mass star, such as the Sun, eventually becomes a _______. 4.b
A)black hole
B)neutron star
C)white dwarf
D)supernova
10.
The distance from Earth to the nearest galaxy is about _______. 4.c
A)9.5 trillion AU
B)one million AU
C)9.5 trillion yr
D)one million yr
11.
What happens as a protostar continues to contract? 4.d
A)It becomes a white dwarf.
B)It becomes a supernova.
C)Its temperature increases.
D)Its density decreases.
12.
Which is not a part of a spiral galaxy? 4.a
A)halo
B)spiral arms
C)supercluster
D)nuclear bulge
13.
The _______ causes the formation of stars and galaxies. 2.g
A)electric force
B)gravitational force
C)magnetic force
D)nuclear force
14.
Which is not a type of galaxy? 4.a
A)spiral galaxy
B)elliptical galaxy
C)irregular galaxy
D)spherical galaxy
15.
Where is the Sun located in the Milky Way Galaxy? 4.b
A)in the halo
B)on the edge
C)in the nuclear bulge
D)about halfway from the center to the edge
Grade 8
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