Earth Science Geology, the Environment, and the Universe

Chapter 16: The Marine Environment

Chapter Test Practice-English

1
__________ are points of land sticking out into the ocean.
A)Barrier islands
B)Estuaries
C)Beaches
D)Rocky headlands
2
__________ are submerged basaltic volcanoes more than 1 km high.
A)Seamounts
B)Shelf breaks
C)Submarine canyons
D)Fracture zones
3
According to the graph, at what depth does the sea floor start to drop off?
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A)2 km
B)1 km
C)4 km
D)8 km
4
What is the dominant type of sediment on the ocean floor?
A)mud
B)sand
C)oozes
D)diatom shells
5
What are the deepest parts of the ocean basins?
A)abyssal plains
B)deep-sea trenches
C)mid-ocean ridges
D)hydrothermal vents
6
What process causes waves to bend toward headlands as they approach the shore?
A)wave reflection
B)concentration
C)wave refraction
D)erosion
7
What is a possible reason for why sea level is still rising?
A)global warming
B)global cooling
C)destruction of ozone in the atmosphere
D)the size of world glaciers is growing
8
What determines the size of the sediment particles on a beach?
A)sediment source
B)wave energy
C)tidal range
D)amount of sediment
9
What flat erosion surface is formed as a headland is worn away?
A)sea arches
B)wave-cut platform
C)sea caves
D)wave-cut cliff
10
How does the structure in the center affect the seafloor between it and the beach?
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A)It contributes to coral growth.
B)It contributes to lowering of the seafloor.
C)It contributes to erosion in this area.
D)It contributes to deposition in this area.
11
What is the shallowest part of the continental margin called?
A)the continental rise
B)the continental shelf
C)the shelf break
D)a submarine canyon
12
Which structure is shown in the center figure?
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A)seawall
B)jetty
C)groin
D)breakwater
13
What breaks mid-ocean ridges into smaller sections?
A)fracture zones
B)submarine canyons
C)shelf breaks
D)abyssal plains
14
What is a narrow bank of sand that projects into the ocean called?
A)a spit
B)a barrier island
C)a bay mouth bar
D)a lagoon
15
Water movement parallel to shore is called ____.
A)upwelling
B)rip current
C)longshore current
D)longshore bar
16
According to the map, what can be said about the coastline over the past 20,000 years?
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A)It has remained the same.
B)It has receded.
C)It has expanded.
D)It has definitely fluctuated.
17
How are fjords formed?
A)global cooling
B)sea level rise
C)tectonic forces
D)longshore currents
18
Which best describes the topography of the ocean floor?
A)completely flat
B)gentle rolling hills
C)steep slope from shore to mid ocean ridge
D)high mountains and deep depressions
19
What process forms submarine canyons?
A)earthquakes
B)turbidity currents
C)sea level changes
D)strong waves
20
What is a hydrothermal vent?
A)another name for a mid ocean ridge
B)a split in a volcano from which lava erupts
C)a hole in the ocean floor through which hot water escapes
D)a place along a trench into which sea water flows
21
How does structure on the right affect beach erosion?
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A)It prevents beach erosion.
B)It worsens beach erosion.
C)It prevents people from causing erosion.
D)It protects the beach from storm waves.
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