Glencoe Physical Science

Chapter 18: Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions

Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions

1
How is radiation used to treat cancer?
A)Cancer cells are bombarded with radiation and become inactive.
B)Radiation melts cancer cells.
C)Cancer cells are burned up by radiation.
D)Radiation is used to stimulate the growth of cancer cells.
2
What is the term for an ongoing series of nuclear reactions?
A)fusion
B)nuclear
C)fission
D)chain reaction
3
Cloud chambers detect radioactive particles when they make __________ in a cloud.
A)electrons
B)protons
C)ions
D)neutrons
4
When two smaller nuclei come together, it is called __________.
A)chain reaction
B)fission
C)critical mass
D)fusion
5
Electroscopes can detect radioactive particles when they remove __________ from the air particles.
A)neutrons
B)ions
C)protons
D)electrons
6
Protons do not repel each other in the nucleus because of the __________.
A)gravitational force
B)weak force
C)electric force
D)strong force
7
The process in which an atom loses radiation and becomes another element is known as __________.
A)fusion
B)chain reaction
C)fission
D)transmutation
8
Alpha particles contain __________.
A)two protons and two electrons
B)two protons and two neutrons
C)two electrons and two neutrons
D)two electrons and two protons
9
Elements with an atomic number over 84 are __________.
A)nonmetals
B)radioactive
C)metalloids
D)always stable
10
What is the name of an instrument that directly measures electrons released from radioactivity?
A)Geiger counter
B)cloud chambers
C)radiometers
D)electroscopes
11
What is a use of radioactive materials in medicine?
A)tracers
B)heart monitors
C)oxygen masks
D)antibiotics
12
In the Sun, hydrogen atoms fuse together to form __________.
A)mercury
B)nitrogen
C)helium
D)oxygen
13
Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity when __________.
A)a radioactive salt exposed a photographic plate
B)a candy bar melted in his pocket
C)an apple dropped on his head
D)he sat in a full bathtub and the water overflowed
14
Gamma particles __________.
A)have mass and charge
B)have no mass and no charge
C)have mass but no charge
D)have no mass but have charge
15
Radioactivity can be harmful and cause disease because it affects __________.
A)blood
B)cells
C)water
D)air
16
Elements larger than atomic number 93 __________.
A)occur naturally
B)are nonmetals
C)are completely stable
D)must be made in a laboratory
17
What are found in the nucleus of an atom?
A)protons and electrons
B)electrons and neutrons
C)protons, neutrons, and electrons
D)protons and neutrons
18
A half-life is how long it takes for __________ to decay.
A)one half of the volume of a sample
B)one half of the nuclei in a sample
C)one half of the mass of a sample
D)one half of the radioactive particles in a sample
19
Isotopes have __________.
A)the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons
B)the same number of protons, but a different number of electrons
C)the same number of neutrons, but a different number of protons
D)the same number of electrons, but a different number of protons
20
When a neutron turns into a proton in a nucleus, what sort of particle is emitted?
A)gamma
B)beta
C)alpha
D)photon
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