Glencoe Biology

Chapter 15: Evolution

Chapter Test Practice

1
Darwin referred to the process of promoting certain traits by breeding members with those traits as ____.
A)natural selection
B)artificial selection
C)evolution
D)ancestral breeding
2
A morphological adaptation in which one species resembles another is called ____.
A)mimicry
B)camouflage
C)vestigial adaptation
D)fitness
3
Population decline causes an extreme genetic drift called a ____.
A)nonrandom mating
B)founder effect
C)bottleneck
D)stabilizing effect
4
Recently evolved traits that do not appear in ancestral fossils are called ____.
A)homologous traits
B)ancestral traits
C)primitive traits
D)derived traits
5
This illustration compares amino acid sequences in various kinds of organisms. Which statement is correct based on this information?

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A)Humans have no amino acid sequences.
B)Moths have no amino acid sequences.
C)Humans share more amino acid sequences with pigs than fish.
D)Turtles and ducks share no amino acid sequences.
6
What are two main components of natural selection?
A)vestigial structures and camouflage
B)artificial selection and selective breeding
C)variation and inheritance
D)mimicry and artificial selection
7
What evolutionary phenomena has occurred in these fishes?

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A)adaptive radiation
B)coevolution
C)cloning
D)dependent evolution
8
What has occurred when fertilization produces a hybrid offspring that cannot develop or reproduce?
A)prezygotic isolation
B)postzygotic isolation
C)non-reproductive isolation.
D)speciation
9
What important observation did Darwin make on the voyage shown here?

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A)same species on Galapagos as mainland
B)Galapagos species differ than mainland species
C)no life existed on the Galapagos
D)populations on the Galapagos stayed the same
10
What occurs when average traits benefit a population rather than extreme traits?
A)unnatural selection
B)directional selection
C)disruptive selection
D)stabilizing selection
11
What theory accounts for why populations can be modified over time?
A)natural selection
B)artificial selection
C)ancestral modification
D)fossil theory
12
Which of these does not support the theory of gradualism?
A)Evolution proceeds in small steps.
B)Evolution is a dynamic process.
C)Fossil records contain abrupt transitions.
D)Evolution may take millions of years.
13
Which of these is an example of a non-adaptive evolved characteristic?
A)sharp teeth of carnivores
B)camouflage color of insects
C)long legs of wolves
D)helplessness of human babies
14
Which of these is an example of analogous structures?
A)hawk wings and fish fins
B)hawk and insect wings
C)horse legs and insect wings
D)horse legs and elephant trunks
15
Which statement is true regarding evolution?
A)It describes changes over many generations.
B)It is the same as natural selection.
C)It only involves artificial selection.
D)It occurs within a single generation.
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