Physics Principles and Problems 2009

Chapter 11: Energy and Its Conservation

Standardized Test Practice

1
What is the gravitational potential energy of a 0.15-kg ball resting at the edge of a roof that is 42 m above the ground?
A)28 J
B)36 J
C)62 J
D)63 J
2
A rock falls from a cliff at a height of 138 m to a cliff that is 79 m above the ground. How fast is the rock falling when it strikes the lower cliff?
A)24 m/s
B)34 m/s
C)39 m/s
D)52 m./s
3
Which describes the conditions for an inelastic collision?
A)Momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
B)Momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not conserved.
C)Momentum is not conserved, but kinetic energy is conserved.
D)Neither momentum nor kinetic energy are conserved.
4
The bar graphs represent the kinetic energy, KE, gravitational potential energy, PE, and elastic potential energy, EE, of a pole-vaulter.

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Which graph might represent the pole-vaulter at the peak height of her vault?
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
5
A 52-kg snow skier is at the top of a 245-m-high hill. After she has gone down a vertical distance of 112 m, what is her mechanical energy relative to the bottom of the hill? Assume that her mechanical energy losses due to friction and other factors are negligible.
A)4.2×104 J
B)1.2×105 J
C)5.7×105 J
D)6.8×105 J
6
Considering the conservation of mechanical energy when designing a roller coaster, which statement below is true?
A)No other hill on the roller coaster track can be higher than the first hill and the hills following the first hill must randomly vary in height-short, tall, tall, short, et cetera- in order to conserve the mechanical energy of the system.
B)Only one other hill can be higher than the first hill and there must be a hill placed on the track between the first hill and this higher hill such that its slope is twice as steep as the slope of the higher hill.
C)No other hill on the roller coaster track can be higher than the first hill because the energy required to climb such a hill would be greater than the total mechanical energy of the system.
D)The only way to conserve the total mechanical energy of the system is to conserve the roller coaster's gravitational potential energy by making sure that the last vertical drop is the same as the first.
7
Suppose you are designing ramps for a skateboarding track. If you want to have a ramp that allows someone to fly high, what sort of ramp do you design?
A)a ramp that has a really steep slope everywhere; the height does not matter
B)a ramp that is really high; the slope matters much less
C)a ramp with a steep slope that is placed at the beginning of the track; the height does not matter
D)a ramp with a steep slope that is placed at the end of the track; the height does not matter
8
The diagram shows a system in which a collision occurs between two objects. What is the decrease in kinetic energy during the collision?

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  Need a Hint?
A)64 J
B)1.4 J
C)1.1 J
D)0.17 J
9
A large chunk of ice with a mass of 1.50 kg falls from a roof that is 8.00 m above the ground. What is the kinetic energy of the ice as it reaches the ground?
A)117 J
B)118 J
C)119 J
D)120 J
10
Gabe can consistently throw a 0.200-kg ball at a speed of 12.0 m/s. On one such throw, Gabe throws the ball straight upward and it passes the top of a flagpole when it is 6.00 m above the ball's initial position. What is the ball's gravitational potential energy relative to the ground when it passes the top of the flagpole?
A)8.1 J
B)11.8 J
C)23.5 J
D)1.201 J
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