Physics Principles and Problems 2009

Chapter 12: Thermal Energy

Standardized Test Practice

1
The diagram below represents the flow of energy in a heat engine, The letters x, y, and z represent energy. Which equation expresses the change in thermal energy in the heat engine?

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A)y = x + z
B)x = y + z
C)y = z - x
D)z = y - x
2
If a hot spoon is placed in a glass of cold water, what happens to the entropies of the molecules in the spoon and the water molecules?
A)spoon entropy increases, water entropy increases
B)spoon entropy increases, water entropy decreases
C)spoon entropy decreases, water entropy increases
D)spoon entropy decreases, water entropy decreases
3
A 9.75-kg block of metal requires 6.14×102 kJ of heat to change from a solid to a liquid at its melting point. What is the metal?

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A)gold
B)iron
C)lead
D)silver
4
How much heat is needed to convert a 2.0-kg sample of liquid methanol into a gas?

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A)5.5×104 J
B)2.2×105 J
C)4.4×105 J
D)1.8×106 J
5
A 0.38-kg block of iron initially has a temperature of 100.0°C. It is allowed to cool until its temperature is 22.0°C. How much heat did the iron transfer to its surroundings?

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A)9.2×104 J
B)6.6×104 J
C)2.2×104 J
D)1.3×104 J
6
Two 1-kg objects, C and D, increase in temperature by the same amount, but the heat transfer of object C is greater than the heat transfer of object D. If object C has a specific heat of 235 J/kg·K, which material might object D be made of?

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A)aluminum
B)brass
C)iron
D)lead
7
A calorimeter contains 0.750 kg of water at 19.0°C. A 0.0370-kg block of copper at 97.0°C is placed in the water. What is the final temperature of the system?

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  Need a Hint?
A)90.1°C
B)19.6°C
C)22.4°C
D)93.6°C
8
Entropy can be considered as a measure of the _________ of useful energy.
A)decrease
B)unavailability
C)disorder
D)availability
9
A 0.098-kg sample of methanol is heated from 34°C until it is completely vaporized. A total of 93.487 kJ is used. If the boiling point of methanol is 65°C, what is the heat of vaporization of methanol?
A)1.0×104 J/kg
B)8.8×104 J/kg
C)1.0×105 J/kg
D)8.8×105 J/kg
10
The head of a jackhammer supplies mechanical energy to a 1.0-kg iron ingot at a rate of 950 W. If this mechanical energy were transferred to the ingot and converted to thermal energy with none transferred to the environment, what would be the temperature rise of the ingot in 2.0 s?
A)2.4°C
B)4.2°C
C)22.4°C
D)42.2°C
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