The Western Experience, 10th Edition (Chambers)

Chapter 16: Culture and Society in the Age of the Scientific Revolution

Multiple Choice Quiz

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The correct answer for each question is indicated by a .

1			All of the following helped set the scientific revolution in motion EXCEPT
			A)	inaccuracies in and inconsistencies among ancient authorities.
			B)	magical beliefs that emphasized simple, comprehensive keys to nature.
			C)	belief in the importance of observation and development of instruments.
			D)	changes in Christianity that focused on its metaphorical rather than literal truth.
			E)	inspiration provided by the ancient Greeks.
2			Which of the following relied on Neoplatonic principals to place the sun at the center of an orderly and harmonious universe?
			A)	Vesalius
			B)	Aristotle
			C)	Kepler
			D)	Tycho Brahe
			E)	Copernicus
3			Which of the following were NOT critical developments in astronomy and physics?
			A)	Galileo's concept of inertia and his observations of the moons of Jupiter
			B)	Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his development of the concept of gravity.
			C)	Descartes' development of analytic geometry and distinction between weight and mass.
			D)	Newton's development of calculus and his three laws of motion
			E)	Galileo's demonstration that only mathematical language could describe the underlying principles of nature
4			Newton's work was the culmination of the scientific revolution because
			A)	it rendered the ancients irrelevant in all fields of scientific endeavor.
			B)	it refuted Descartes' theoretical approach to scientific knowledge.
			C)	it reconciled science with Christianity as it was then understood.
			D)	it made further work unnecessary for the next 150 years.
			E)	it resolved the outstanding problems in both physics and astronomy.
5			The new epistemology of science involved all of the following EXCEPT
			A)	reliance on experience and reason rather than unsubstantiated authority.
			B)	testing of an hypothesis by observation, generalization, and experimentation.
			C)	rejection of Occam's theory that the simplest explanation is best.
			D)	use of numerical data to develop mathematical laws.
			E)	a rejection of any unsubstantiated authority.
6			Wider acceptance of scientific thought came when the educated public
			A)	became convinced that science offered certainty.
			B)	accepted that science cannot promise certainty.
			C)	made the effort to follow the intricacies of scientific debate.
			D)	became enamored of the charismatic figures of science.
			E)	and the Church voiced its support of scientists.
7			Which of the following is true of the status of women during this period?
			A)	Widows rarely inherited their husband's businesses.
			B)	In many countries, even widows of aristocrats could not inherit their husbands' estates.
			C)	Abbesses could become prominent in church government.
			D)	In fiction and drama, women rarely appeared as equals to their male counterparts.
			E)	Although there were prominent female artists, there were as yet no notable women scientists.
8			Blaise Pascal is important because
			A)	he promoted a reconciliation of Catholic faith with the new science.
			B)	he kept European civilization from accepting the mechanical world view.
			C)	he was the first accomplished scientist to focus on the limitations of science.
			D)	he was able to undercut some of the extreme claims of science on a scientific basis.
			E)	he led the Church's attack on the new science.
9			All of the following were examples of popular enthusiasm for science in the late seventeenth century EXCEPT
			A)	royal patronage of scientific societies.
			B)	the use of science as an aristocratic amusement.
			C)	popular attendance at public human dissections.
			D)	the application of new scientific ideas to methods of fortification and warfare.
			E)	the widespread practice of charivaris.
10			The primary impulse behind Mannerism was
			A)	distortion.
			B)	harmony.
			C)	mysticism.
			D)	singularity.
			E)	escapism.
11			Michel de Montaigne created the literary form known as
			A)	the essay.
			B)	the novel.
			C)	reflections.
			D)	the epigram.
			E)	the poem.
12			Cervantes and Shakespeare had in common that they both
			A)	were Englishmen.
			B)	had essentially optimistic outlooks.
			C)	reflected the stresses of their times.
			D)	rejected the hierarchy of society.
			E)	fought in major military campaigns.
13			The Baroque style was found particularly in Catholic countries because
			A)	it supported the Counter-Reformation.
			B)	only they had the wealth to support it.
			C)	Protestants preferred more flamboyant styles.
			D)	only there were artists with necessary skills found.
			E)	there was more church-building there.
14			The Classical style was differentiated from the Baroque because
			A)	it was characterized by restraint and discipline.
			B)	it aimed at grandiose effects.
			C)	it was found mainly in Protestant countries.
			D)	it included art forms beyond painting.
			E)	it emphasized experimentation and innovation.
15			The number of Europeans rose only slightly in the seventeenth century for all the following reasons EXCEPT that
			A)	economic pressures caused people to marry late, which reduced the number of babies they could have.
			B)	the Thirty Years' War killed millions of Germans and disrupted the European economy.
			C)	plagues drove the number of Spaniards down from 10 million in 1600 to 6 million in 1700.
			D)	the English and Dutch populations only recovered after 1680, accounting for the little increase there was.
			E)	high infant mortality rates continued to limit population growth.
16			Seventeenth-century society was characterized by
			A)	impenetrable class barriers.
			B)	relative egalitarianism.
			C)	democratic revolution.
			D)	decreasing stratification.
			E)	increasing mobility.
17			Life was generally becoming harder for the peasantry for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that
			A)	taxes were rising.
			B)	rents and other dues were increasing.
			C)	food prices were stabilizing.
			D)	there was no escape from the farm.
			E)	famine and war were more severe at this level of society.
18			All of the following changes were taking place in traditional villages EXCEPT
			A)	a loss of village cohesion and unity.
			B)	government officials eroding village self-government.
			C)	government welfare programs enticing peasants off the land.
			D)	noble landlords ceasing to pay attention to their villagers' lives.
			E)	peasants being reduced to serfdom.
19			In contrast to the villages, life in the cities was
			A)	secure.
			B)	impersonal.
			C)	dull.
			D)	fragile.
			E)	exciting.
20			All of the following first became common in cities in the late seventeenth century EXCEPT
			A)	weekly newspapers.
			B)	coffeehouses.
			C)	actresses.
			D)	the achievement of literacy for a majority of both women and men.
			E)	theatre and opera.

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