1 A) it was peaceful. B) its wealth came from trade. C) women enjoyed relatively high status. D) it ruled a wide empire. E) it influenced the nearby Greeks in art, religion, and in a system of writing. 2 A) Most of our knowledge of Minoan civilization comes from written narratives that survive in tablets and pottery. B) The rulers of Crete were probably women. C) The presence of walled cities suggests that the Minoan civilization was essentially warlike. D) Minoan civilization did not collapse, but slowly faded through a blending in with other migratory peoples. E) Some Minoan religious deities were adopted by the Greeks. 3 A) it divided Greece into many small valleys that led the Greeks to develop independent states. B) the country's climate led the Greeks to live close together in a few large settlements. C) living in the mountains made the Greeks particularly independent, and thus unwilling to live under kings. D) the unstable geology of the region made the Mycenaeans particularly vulnerable to natural disasters. E) it required innovation in agricultural techniques. 4 A) poetry and art broke new frontiers. B) the economy expanded. C) Mycenaean civilization was restored. D) the polis , or independent city-state, emerged. E) overseas colonization. 5 A) the anthropomorphic gods intervened frequently in human affairs. B) the religion prescribed rigid standards of moral conduct. C) priests and priestesses exercised little political power. D) each city had its one patron god from the pantheon common to all Greeks. E) the belief that if people became too arrogant, Nemesis, an avenging force, would sweep down and destroy them. 6 A) contests among amateur athletes for honor. B) a source of fame and riches for the winners. C) held in honor of the goddess Athena. D) held once every four years on Mt. Olympus. E) tools for building patriotic fervor. 7 A) selling poor farmers into slavery. B) exporting people to independent colonies overseas. C) establishing colonial empires. D) conquering neighboring peoples and driving them from their land. E) bringing more arable land under cultivation. 8 A) it became the basis for later alphabets in both Western and Eastern Europe. B) it gave them a decisive advantage in trade over the Phoenicians. C) laws could be made readily available, facilitating public involvement in government. D) it was used in making monuments to their victories, enhancing the citizens' pride in their cities. E) it gave them a monopoly over the means of communication. 9 A) Greek authors began to use literature as a form of frank self-expression. B) it exalted a benevolent God whose primary concern was ethical conduct among humans. C) it was the first literature to use rhymed verse. D) it was used to narrate the stories of the gods in their endless struggles against one another. E) it passed on a legal code to all corners of the empire. 10 poleis EXCEPTA) they were city-states consisting of an urban center and the surrounding farm country. B) though originally ruled by kings, by 700 they were dominated by landowning aristocrats. C) in the seventh and sixth centuries, ordinary people gained a greater role in government. D) at the end of the sixth century, tyrants emerged as champions of the traditional aristocracy. E) they had large open spaces called the agora that served as a main public square and civic center. 11 poleis EXCEPTA) the primary activity was agriculture. B) because of the poor soil, Greeks also engaged in fishing and trade. C) slaves played a vital role in the economy. D) industry was well advanced, with shops employing 300 or more workers. E) a shortage of food was a constant threat to economic stability. 12 A) Sparta was a closed, militaristic society, while Athens was a cosmopolitan commercial center. B) Sparta's army made it the dominant land power, while Athens's fleet made it the leading sea power. C) Sparta pursued an aggressively expansionist policy, while Athens protected other cities' independence. D) Sparta was a monarchy, while Athens was a democracy. E) Spartan political power was in the hands of an oligarchy while political reforms in Athens broke up the power of the oligarchy. 13 A) it had helped Greek cities in Ionia revolt against his rule. B) he coveted the city's trading wealth. C) the independent Greek cities posed a critical threat to the survival of his empire. D) Athens had seized the city of Marathon from him. E) he wanted to move his imperial capital there. 14 A) they had raised a bigger army than Persia. B) a handful of Spartan soldiers were able to defeat the main Persian force. C) Athens had created a powerful fleet. D) they captured the Persian king Xerxes through a clever ruse. E) spies in the Persian army tipped off their plans. 15 A) was well understood and supported by the Greek people. B) went almost exclusively toward the development of armies and navies. C) usually filled the coffers of the aristocracy and little else. D) paid for the upkeep of walls, drains, roads, harbors, and the like. E) was conducted very rarely, usually in times of crisis. 16 A) The assembly could be dismissed by the ephors and council. B) The kings could be removed by a unanimous vote of the assembly. C) Proposals before the assembly were subject to lengthy debate before a yes or no vote. D) The assembly consisted of males over the age of twenty that were members of established aristocratic families. E) There were no real elements of democracy in the Spartan oligarchy. 17 A) His reforms unintentionally increased the power of the aristocracy and retarded the advance of democracy. B) Men could improve their status economically and thus achieve positions of leadership regardless of their ancestry. C) The lowest classes of men now had a political voice through the ability to directly vote for office holders. D) Slavery was outlawed, which increased the citizen population and thus increased the number of those that participated politically. E) The aristocratic families gained more political power by increasing their representation among office holders. 18 A) laws defining basic rights for even the lowest economic class (excluding slaves). B) laws eliminating the practice of slavery. C) a law defining a difference between voluntary and involuntary homicide. D) a law defining the right to separation from a marriage for both men and women. E) laws defining varying levels of punishments for theft or destruction of property. 19 Iliad and the Odyssey ascribed toA) Archilochus. B) Sophocles. C) Pericles. D) Hesiod. E) Homer. 20 Works and Days, wasA) Homer. B) Sophocles. C) Pericles. D) Hesiod. E) Archilochus.
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