1 A) France, England, Austria, Prussia, and Russia. B) England, Austria, Spain, Prussia, and Russia. C) Russia, Austria, Sweden, England, and France. D) Austria, Prussia, Russia, England, and Turkey. E) England, Holland, Sweden, France, and Prussia. 2 A) Prussia took half of Saxony. B) Prussia got territories in the Rhineland to increase its position to the east. C) Austria got territory and influence in Italy to put it firmly to the southeast. D) Spain got Portugal to create a strong power in the southwest. E) Russia received most of Poland to be ruled as a separate kingdom. 3 A) shore up the faltering economies of western Europe. B) promote and spread Napoleonic values. C) suppress revolutions by force. D) divide up the former territories of France after the defeat of Napoleon. E) encourage the western European states to counter the growing threat from Russia. 4 A) powerful arguments for rejecting the French Revolution. B) a new value in Enlightenment philosophy. C) an argument for rejecting notions of stability and rationality. D) a rejection of local, traditional values in favor of universalism. E) a confirmation of the new rights of the peasant and worker classes. 5 A) called for less emphasis on the role of the state. B) believed that practical programs could not be deduced from universal principals. C) rejected the doctrine of natural rights as a meaningless abstraction. D) defined the good as that which accepts pain and denies pleasure. E) believed that the state's task was not to penalize undesirable actions, but to reward beneficial behavior. 6 A) dominating the German Confederation. B) creating a German customs union. C) leading the suppression of academic radicalism. D) championing Polish rights against Russian oppression. E) writing a more liberal constitution for Bavaria. 7 A) Spain in 1820, when a constitutional regime was established until French intervention suppressed it. B) Italy in 1820, when Austrian armies intervened to suppress constitutionalism in Naples and Piedmont. C) Austria in 1825, when Hungarian rebels forced the Emperor to remove Metternich from office. D) France in 1830, when a popular uprising in Paris forced Charles X to abdicate. E) Sicily in 1820, when nationalists, inspired by news of revolution in Spain, rose against Naples. 8 A) coal, which provided energy when burned, both to run machines and, processed into coke, to smelt iron. B) iron, which was a cheap metal which could be formed into durable machines. C) steam, which was used to transfer the energy of burning coal into the movements of iron machinery. D) horses, which provided the horsepower that was crucial for the operation of heavy machinery. E) charcoal, which was instrumental in the smelting process despite its expense. 9 A) the pump engine B) Newcommen's piston engine C) Savery's atmospheric engine D) Boulton's arc welder E) Cartwright's power loom 10 A) sought to alleviate the harsh living conditions of the poorest with government housing. B) set up government offices to help the poor find jobs. C) sought to make unemployment as unattractive as possible. D) provided government health services for the unemployed. E) made it illegal to be unemployed, punishable by life imprisonment. 11 A) believed that certain social classes were entitled to more political power than others. B) believed that individual freedom was overrated. C) advocated universal suffrage. D) believed that liberal institutions were suited to any historical age. E) favored a closed administration of government. 12 A) by making it possible to move massive quantities of material across country. B) by making it possible for people to move across country more freely. C) by moving things and people more quickly. D) by leading quickly to individual steam-powered vehicles for use on roads. E) by stimulating construction of locomotives and railroad cars. 13 A) argued that capitalism would allocate the wealth of society equally based on the industry of the individual. B) advocated the creation of ideal communities. C) proposed the "iron law of wages." D) was an innovator in early child care and education. E) advocated a society governed by experts. 14 A) aristocratic worker advocates B) government politicians C) peasant workers D) factory workers E) skilled workers 15 A) more powerful than ever, having been made more wealthy by the industrial revolution B) on the defensive, having been the principal target of the French revolution C) almost nonexistent in the face of the rising power of the middle class D) possessed of more political power than at any time since the Middle Ages E) more powerful in the north and west of Europe; least powerful in the south and east 16 A) the separation of work life from home life because of factories. B) the division of economic relationships from social relationships because of money and contracts. C) the proliferation of specialized government agencies to oversee different aspects of life. D) the growing importance of politics in peoples' thoughts and activities. E) that business affairs became more specialized by calculation or regulation rather than status or social connection. 17 A) became more important, even as the reality of peoples' lives made it more difficult to maintain. B) became less important, reflecting the decline of affective ties in industrial society. C) did not change much, since the family always had been and remained the foundation of society. D) appeared for the first time, since Europeans had earlier considered themselves members of a clan. E) was subordinated to the economic interests of the community. 18 Family Shakespeare offered an example ofA) the loss of adult literacy during the first stages of the Industrial Revolution. B) the prevalence of government censorship. C) an attempt to revive Enlightenment thought. D) the early roots of Romantic thought in literature. E) prudery and the distrust of sexual passion. 19 A) clearly rose. B) clearly fell. C) seems to have remained the same. D) changed in different ways for different people. E) rose and then fell precipitously towards the end of the century. 20 A) renewed territorial ambitions and a militant foreign policy. B) the development of strong central government. C) the end of the aristocracy. D) the reestablishment of separate Italian states. E) the end of Italian influence in the power politics of western Europe.
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