| activation-synthesis theory | Theory stating that dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower part of the brain.
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| addiction | Either a physical or a psychological dependence, or both, on a drug.
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| alcoholism | A disorder that involves long-term, repeated, uncontrolled, compulsive, and excessive use of alcoholic beverages and that impairs the drinker's health and social relationships.
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| automatic processes | States of consciousness that require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities.
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| barbiturates | Depressant drugs that decrease the activity of the central nervous system.
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| biological rhythms | Periodic physiological fluctuations in the body.
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| circadian rhythm | A daily behavioral or physiological cycle, such as the sleep/wake cycle.
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| cognitive theory of dreaming | Theory proposing that dreaming can be understood by applying the same cognitive concepts that are used in studying the waking mind.
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| consciousness | Awareness of external events and internal sensations, including awareness of the self and thoughts about one's experiences; this awareness occurs under a condition of arousal.
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| controlled processes | The most alert states of consciousness.
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| depressants | Psychoactive drugs that slow down mental and physical activity.
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| Hallucinogens | Psychoactive drugs that modify a person's perceptual experiences and produce visual images that are not real.
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| hypnosis | An altered state of consciousness or simply a psychological state of altered attention and expectation, in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions.
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| opiates | Opium and its derivatives; they depress the central nervous system's activity.
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| physical dependence | The physiological need for a drug, accompanied by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms, such as pain and craving, when the drug is discontinued.
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| psychoactive drugs | Substances that act on the nervous system to alter consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods.
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| psychological dependence | The strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons, such as a feeling of well-being and stress reduction.
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| REM sleep | Rapid eye movement sleep; stage 5 of sleep, in which dreaming occurs.
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| social cognitive behavior view of hypnosis | Perspective that views hypnosis as a normal state in which the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes a hypnotized person should behave.
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| stimulants | Psychoactive drugs that increase the central nervous system's activity.
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| stream of consciousness | James's concept that the mind is a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings.
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| suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) | A small structure in the brain that synchronizes its own rhythm with the daily cycle of light and dark based on input from the retina.
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| tolerance | The need to take increasing amounts of a drug to produce the same effect.
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| tranquilizers | Depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation.
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| unconscious thought | Freud's concept of a reservoir of unacceptable wishes, feelings, and thoughts that are beyond conscious awareness.
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