Zoology, 8th Edition (Miller)

Chapter 19: Amphibians: The First Terrestrial Vertebrates

Quiz



1.

All of the following are amniotes except one. Select the exception.
A)amphibians
B)reptiles
C)birds
D)mammals
2.

Salamanders are members of the order
A)Caudata.
B)Anura.
C)Gymnophiona.
D)Temnospondyli.
3.

Caecilians are members of the order
A)Caudata.
B)Anura.
C)Gymnophiona.
D)Temnospondyli.
4.

Members of the order __________ are wormlike burrowers.
A)Caudata
B)Anura
C)Gymnophiona
D)Temnospondyli
5.

Members of the order __________ have caudal vertebrae fused into a urostyle.
A)Caudata
B)Anura
C)Gymnophiona
D)Temnospondyli
6.

The major component of the diet of most amphibians is
A)plant matter.
B)other vertebrates.
C)decaying animal flesh.
D)arthropods.
7.

Members of which of the following groups are most closely related to the salamanders?
A)amniotes
B)Anura
C)Temnospondyli
D)Gymnophiona
8.

Which of the following regions of the skeleton of an amphibian is the point of attachment of the hind limbs to the vertebral column?
A)cervical
B)thoracic
C)sacral
D)caudal
9.

______ are processes on trunk vertebrae of amphibians. They provide support when an amphibian is out of the water and prevent twisting of the vertebral column.
A)Urostyles
B)Zygapophyses
C)Neural spines
D)Transverse processes
10.

All of the following are true of the heart of amphibians except one. Select the exception.
A)It consists of a sinus venosus, two atria, a ventricle, and a conus arteriosus.
B)The atria are completely separated from each other.
C)Blood entering the right side of the heart is often as well oxygenated as blood leaving the heart.
D)There is complete separation of oxygenated and less oxygenated blood throughout the heart.
11.

The ___________ directs blood away from the pulmonary circulation when a frog is burrowed into the mud at the bottom of a pond.
A)spiral valve
B)constriction of blood vessels leading to the lungs
C)sinus venosus
D)atrioventricular valve
12.

A portion of the gas exchange in amphibians occurs across the moist surfaces of the mouth and pharynx. This process is called
A)buccopharyngeal respiration.
B)buccal pumping.
C)cutaneous respiration.
D)mouth-to-blood exchange.
13.

Unlike fishes, the amphibian ear includes a/an
A)inner ear
B)outer ear
C)middle ear and tympanic membrane
D)group of three middle ear ossicles
14.

Low frequency warning sounds are transmitted to the inner ear of amphibians through the operculum and the
A)operculum.
B)columella.
C)cecum.
D)incus.
15.

All but one of the following are used by some adult amphibians when they are on land to conserve water or replace lost water. Select the exception.
A)nocturnal activity patterns
B)absorption of water through the skin
C)formation of parchment-like cocoons
D)intentional drinking
16.

This type of organism has been recently been implicated in local and mass die-offs of amphibians.
A)bacteria
B)protozoan
C)fungus
D)virus
17.

Which of the following is closest to the number of currently recognized extant amphibian species?
A)600
B)6,000
C)60,000
D)600,000
18.

Frogs and toads are in which phylum?
A)Hemichordata
B)Amphibia
C)Chordata
D)Vertebrata
19.

It is likely that the "amphibians" actually represent paraphyletic groups.
A)True
B)False
20.

Members of the order Anura possess a tongue that is attached at the anterior margin of the jaw and have glands on the tongue that exude sticky secretions. Their tongue is used in a flip-and-grab feeding mechanism.
A)True
B)False
21.

Most salamanders have internal fertilization. A male deposits a spermatophore, which is picked up and stored by a female. Eggs are fertilized as the female deposits them.
A)True
B)False
22.

In adult amphibians, embryonic aortic arch VI becomes pulmonary arteries.
A)True
B)False
23.

Vision is a very important sense for most amphibians because they are primarily sight feeders.
A)True
B)False
24.

The upper eyelid of an amphibian forms a transparent membrane that cleans and protects the eye. This membrane is called the nictitating membrane.
A)True
B)False
25.

Amphibians were the first vertebrates to possess a cervical vertebra. This vertebra increases the flexibility of the vertebral column during locomotion on land.
A)True
B)False
26.

In addition to disappearing from areas that have suffered habitat destruction, some amphibian populations have declined in areas where local damage has not occurred.
A)True
B)False
27.

The worldwide transport of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis has been implicated in spreading amphibian disease around the globe.
A)True
B)False
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