Zoology, 8th Edition (Miller)

Chapter 24: Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Quiz



1.

All of the following are functions of the nervous system except
A)communication.
B)integration.
C)coordination.
D)movement.
2.

The evolution of the nervous system in invertebrates has led to elaboration of organized nerve cords and centralization of responses in the __________ portion of the animal.
A)posterior
B)lateral
C)ventral
D)anterior
3.

Which of the following parts of a neuron contains a nucleus?
A)axon
B)dendrite
C)cell body
D)neurofibril node
4.

The concentration of ions on the two sides of a nerve membrane is due primarily to
A)the sodium-potassium ATPase pump.
B)gated channels.
C)open channels for ions.
D)sodium pump.
5.

A stimulus that is strong enough to initiate a nerve impulse is called the
A)all-or-none law.
B)threshold stimulus.
C)refractory period.
D)action potential.
6.

Conduction of an action potential along myelinated nerve fibers is known as
A)saltatory conduction.
B)all-or-none law.
C)depolarization.
D)repolarization.
7.

A neurotransmitter changes the _________ in the plasma membrane of the receptive segment of the postsynaptic cell, creating an action potential in that cell.
A)depolarization potential
B)resting potential
C)refractory period
D)threshold potential
8.

The refractory period of an neuron is also known as the
A)depolarization.
B)repolarization.
C)hyperpolarization.
D)polarization.
9.

Which of the following has the most complex form of nervous system organization?
A)protozoa
B)hydras
C)jellyfishes
D)polychaetes
10.

Which of the following characterize the evolution of the vertebrate nervous system?
A)bilateral symmetry
B)a notochord
C)a tubular nerve cord
D)all of the above (a-c)
11.

Which of the following is not part of the forebrain in a vertebrate?
A)cerebrum
B)thalamus
C)pineal gland
D)pons
12.

Which of the following is not part of the vertebrate hindbrain?
A)pons
B)cerebellum
C)cerebrum
D)medulla oblongata
13.

How many pairs of cranial nerves are found in reptiles, birds, and mammals?
A)8
B)10
C)12
D)14
14.

Which of the following is responsible for the "fight-or-flight" response?
A)the parasympathetic nervous system
B)the motor nervous system
C)the sympathetic nervous system
D)all of the above (a-c)
15.

The ____________ division of the autonomic nervous system consists of networks of neurons in the pancreas, gall bladder, and digestive tract and leads to controls peristaltic movements.
A)dendritic
B)enteric
C)ganglionic
D)motor
16.

The functional unit of the nervous system is the
A)nerve.
B)brain.
C)spinal cord.
D)neuron.
17.

Which of the following is not a sensory nerve?
A)olfactory
B)hypoglossal
C)optic
D)vestibulocochlear
18.

Any form of energy an animal can detect with its receptors is called a
A)receptor potential.
B)stimulus.
C)transducer.
D)generator potential.
19.

Which of the following receptors detects a change in pressure?
A)hygroreceptors
B)georeceptors
C)baroreceptors
D)chemoreceptors
20.

Statocysts, as found in various gastropods, cephalopods, and crustaceans, are a good example of a
A)hygroreceptor.
B)georeceptor.
C)baroreceptor.
D)chemoreceptor.
21.

True phonoreceptors that respond to sound have been demonstrated only in
A)insects, arachnids, and centipedes.
B)protozoa, hydra, and molluscs.
C)molluscs, tunicates, and arthropods.
D)vertebrates.
22.

Certain flagellated protozoa (e.g., Euglena) contain bright red photoreceptor granules called the
A)ocellus.
B)compound eye.
C)stigma.
D)ommatidium.
23.

Squid and octopuses have
A)compound eyes.
B)ocelli.
C)complex camera eyes.
D)all of the above (a-c).
24.

Web-building spiders have __________ that can sense struggling prey in webs through vibrations of the web threads.
A)proprioceptors
B)tactile receptors
C)georeceptors
D)thermoreceptors
25.

A mechanoreceptor would respond to all of the following except
A)sight.
B)sound.
C)touch.
D)muscular contractions.
26.

The tympanum first evolved in
A)molluscs.
B)amphibians.
C)fishes.
D)vertebrates.
27.

How many divisions are present in the human ear?
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
28.

Pain receptors are also called
A)vomeronasal organs.
B)organs of Ruffini.
C)Pacinian corpuscles.
D)nociceptors.
29.

Jacobson's organs function in the
A)detection of sound.
B)detection of pressure.
C)detection of odors.
D)detection of electrical currents.
30.

The process of focusing light rays precisely on the retina is called
A)processing.
B)fixation.
C)accommodation.
D)all of the above (a-c).
31.

Which of the following pigments is involved in the production of a generator potential with respect to light?
A)hemoglobin
B)hemirhodopsin
C)rhodopsin
D)myoglobin
32.

Taste buds are found on the skin in __________ and __________.
A)fishes and amphibians
B)mammals and amphibians
C)birds and reptiles
D)reptiles and fishes
33.

Which of the following taste bud classes is strongly stimulated by the amino acid glutamate?
A)sweet
B)sour
C)umami
D)bitter
34.

Which of the following is the primary sense that vertebrates use?
A)touch
B)taste
C)vision
D)hearing
35.

Neurons have two important properties: excitability and conductivity.
A)True
B)False
36.

The vertebrate nervous system has two main divisions.
A)True
B)False
37.

The number of spinal nerves in an animal is not directly related to the number of segments in the trunk or tail of a vertebrate.
A)True
B)False
38.

The autonomic nervous system of vertebrates consists of three antagonistic parts.
A)True
B)False
39.

In mammals, the outermost part of the cerebrum, called the cerebral cortex, progressively decreases in size and complexity from lampreys to birds and mammals.
A)True
B)False
40.

Nervous systems evolved through the gradual layering of additional nervous tissue over reflex pathways of more ancient origin.
A)True
B)False
41.

The sense of smell is due to olfactory neurons in the roof of the vertebrate nasal cavity.
A)True
B)False
42.

The receptors for taste (gustation) are chemoreceptors on the body surface of an animal or in the mouth and throat.
A)True
B)False
43.

Bats, shrews, whales, and fishes can determine distance and depth by sonar.
A)True
B)False
44.

The lateral-line system for electrical sensing is in the head and thoracic area of most fishes, some amphibians, and the platypus.
A)True
B)False
45.

Invertebrate and vertebrate sensory receptors (organs) have evolved in ways that relate to the environment in which they must function.
A)True
B)False
46.

A stimulus is any form of energy an animal can detect with its receptors.
A)True
B)False
47.

Receptors transduce energy from one form to another.
A)True
B)False
48.

Pheromones are chemical signals released by animals that affect the behavior of animals of a different species.
A)True
B)False
49.

Several types of animals have been shown to use their sense of the Earth's magnetic field to help them navigate.
A)True
B)False
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