Zoology, 8th Edition (Miller)

Chapter 28: Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation

Quiz



1.

__________ is the loss of heat from a surface as water molecules escape in the form of a gas.
A)Conduction
B)Convection
C)Evaporation
D)Radiation
2.

Animals cope with temperature fluctuations by
A)occupying a place in the environment where the temperature remains constant and compatible with their physiological processes.
B)adapting their physiological processes to the range of temperatures in which the animals are capable of living.
C)generating heat and trapping heat internally to maintain a constant body temperature despite fluctuations in the external environment temperature.
D)all of the above (a-c).
3.

In general, reptiles, fishes, and amphibians are
A)endotherms.
B)ectotherms.
C)homeotherms.
D)all of the above (a-c).
4.

Which of the following animals are capable of endothermy?
A)snakes
B)bumblebees
C)beetles
D)toads
5.

A state of summer dormancy in which breathing rates and metabolism decrease is called
A)hibernation.
B)torpor.
C)estivation.
D)conduction.
6.

At night, hummingbirds enter a sleep-like state called
A)estivation.
B)hibernation.
C)daily torpor.
D)sleep depravation.
7.

In order to lose heat, birds
A)pant.
B)utilize gular flutter.
C)sleep.
D)both a and b.
8.

The hormonal triggering of heat production is called
A)nonshivering thermogenesis.
B)shivering thermogenesis.
C)gular flutter.
D)panting.
9.

A specialized type of fat found in newborn mammals, in mammals that live in cold climates, and in mammals that hibernate, is called __________ fat.
A)red
B)brown
C)yellow
D)green
10.

Badgers, bears, and opossums __________ during winter months in cold climates.
A)hibernate
B)estivate
C)enter prolonged sleep
D)enter torpor
11.

If the osmotic concentration of the body fluids of an animal equals that of the medium in which an animal is living, the animals are termed an
A)osmoregulator.
B)osmoconformer.
C)osmotolerant.
D)osmoresistant.
12.

Contractile vacuoles are found in
A)protozoa and sponges.
B)metazoan invertebrates.
C)vertebrates.
D)all of the above (a-c).
13.

Metanephridia
A)open to the outside of an animal.
B)open internally to the body fluids.
C)are multicellular.
D)all of the above (a-c).
14.

Antennal or green glands are found in
A)crayfish and crabs.
B)isopods.
C)insects.
D)molluscs.
15.

Where would you look for coxal glands?
A)in spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites
B)in crayfish and crabs
C)in vertebrates
D)in sponges
16.

The __________ appears only briefly in many vertebrate embryos.
A)pronephros
B)mesonephros
C)metanephros
D)protonephros
17.

Most adult teleost fishes have __________ kidneys.
A)pronephric
B)mesonephric
C)metanephric
D)polynephric
18.

Reptiles, birds, and mammals all possess _________ kidneys.
A)pronephric
B)mesonephric
C)metanephric
D)polynephric
19.

The functional unit of the metanephric kidney is the
A)countercurrent exchange mechanism.
B)nephron.
C)glomerulus.
D)loop of the nephron.
20.

The _____________ runs between the mammalian kidney and the bladder.
A)urethra
B)ureter
C)nephridium
D)nephron
21.

Ectotherms generally obtain heat from their environment.
A)True
B)False
22.

Heterotherms have a relatively constant body temperature.
A)True
B)False
23.

Thermogenesis involves shivering, enzymatic activity, brown fat, and high cellular metabolism.
A)True
B)False
24.

Entering a state of torpor is limited to certain small endotherms.
A)True
B)False
25.

The adenohypophysis is another term for the thyroid gland.
A)True
B)False
26.

Freshwater animals tend to gain ions and lose water.
A)True
B)False
27.

By a variety of mechanisms, marine vertebrates tend to take in ions from the seawater and to lose water.
A)True
B)False
28.

Desert and marine reptiles and birds have salt glands to remove and secrete excess salt (NaCl).
A)True
B)False
29.

The majority of the loop of the nephron and the collecting duct are in the kidney cortex.
A)True
B)False
30.

Sharks and their relatives (skates and rays) have mesonephric kidneys.
A)True
B)False
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