Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications (Lewis), 9th Edition

Chapter 11: Gene Expression and Epigenetics

Practice Tests

1
Proteomics _____.
A)is another term for genomics in humans
B)is the study of the collection of proteins produced in a particular cell
C)is the study of proteins produced by a particular gene
D)proves that a single gene codes for only one protein
2
The composition of human hemoglobin _____.
A)remains constant throughout the lifetime of an individual
B)is the same in the embryonic and adult forms
C)always contains two copies of two different subunits
D)decreases in the amount of beta chain as the individual ages
3
Fetal hemoglobin _____.
A)carries less oxygen than adult hemoglobin
B)consists mainly of beta chains
C)still makes up a substantial percentage of all hemoglobin at birth
D)differs from adult hemoglobin by the presence of the zeta chain
4
Which statement about pancreatic hormones is NOT true?
A)The endocrine hormones are secreted from a single cell type.
B)The most abundant endocrine cell secretes insulin.
C)Exocrine and endocrine cells derive from a single stem cell type.
D)Glucagon is one of the hormones secreted by endocrine cells.
5
If we look at the relative abundances of different categories of proteins, as we move from the prenatal period to birth and old age _______.
A)the relative expression of transcription factors decreases
B)the relative expression of enzymes decreases
C)the relative expression of transcription factors increases
D)the relative expression of enzymes remains the same
6
Glucose stimulates the release of the pancreatic hormone ___________.
A)glucagon
B)insulin
C)somatostatin
D)pancreatic polypeptide
7
A feature of chromatin remodeling is that _____.
A)it can turn on transcription but cannot silence genes
B)the modified state of chromatin can be passed on when DNA replicates
C)it involves only the addition of methyl groups to DNA
D)it requires RNAi
8
Small interfering RNAs are capable of _____.
A)being translated
B)interfering with translation
C)splicing mRNAs
D)cutting up other RNAs
9
Enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histone proteins can __________.
A)1)activate gene transcription
B)2)shut off gene transcription
C)3)splice mRNAs
D)4)block translation
10
About ______ of the protein-coding genes in humans are regulated by microRNAs.
A)1)3/4
B)2)2/3
C)3)1/2
D)4)1/3
11
Which of the following is not added to histones during chromatin remodeling?
A)acetyl groups
B)methyl groups
C)phosphate groups
D)amino groups
12
The fact that the modified state of chromatin can be passed on when DNA replicates is an example of ____ inheritance.
A)epistatic
B)Mendelian
C)epigenetic
D)maternal
13
In humans, there are many fewer genes than there are different proteins produced. This is primarily due to _____.
A)combining different combinations of introns together
B)small interfering RNAs
C)the histone code
D)alternative splicing
14
Which of the following explains how the human genome can have 25,000 genes, but over 200,000 proteins?
A)alternative splicing
B)genes contained within the introns of other genes
C)two proteins cut from one precursor molecule
D)All of the above
15
True or False. Introns for one gene may contain parts of another gene.
A)True
B)False
16
There are both post-transcriptional and post-translational processes that account for so many proteins being produced from so few genes in humans. An example of a post-translational process is _____.
A)alternative splicing
B)spliceosome activity
C)the cutting of a precursor protein to yield two or more final proteins
D)RNA interference
17
Processing of rRNA is conducted by _____.
A)tRNAs
B)other rRNAs
C)mRNAs
D)snoRNAs
18
The most abundant type of repeated DNA sequence is _____.
A)transposons
B)pseudogenes
C)centromeres
D)telomeres
19
Which statement is true about Alu repeats?
A)The number of Alu repeats has remained constant throughout the history of mankind.
B)There may be as many as 500,000 per genome.
C)They are classified as long interspersed elements.
D)Alu repeats make up as much as 25% of the genome.
20
Pseudogenes _____.
A)lead to the production of proteins that have no function
B)may be copies of genes that are no longer used
C)are transcribed into snoRNAs
D)are very rare in the human genome
21
Genes for tRNA _____.
A)make up about 10% of the human genome
B)are scattered randomly around the human genome
C)account for 0.1% of the human genome
D)are all transcribed equally in all cell types
22
Which of the following is NOT an example of a repeated sequence?
A)pseudogenes
B)telomeres
C)centromeres
D)transposons
23
Which of the following is an example of a noncoding (nc) RNA?
A)pseudogenes
B)tRNA
C)rRNA
D)All of the above
24
Only ____ of the human genome encodes protein.
A)1.5 percent
B)15 percent
C)5.5 percent
D)55 percent
25
Most of the human genome does not encode protein. The rest of the genome includes _____.
A)noncoding RNAs
B)introns
C)promoters
D)All of the above
26
Which cell type in the pancreas is most specialized?
A)stem cell
B)mature exocrine cell
C)endocrine progenitor cell
D)exocrine/endocrine progenitor cell
27
Small organic chemical groups are added to histone proteins in order to control _____.
A)replication
B)transcription
C)translation
D)splicing
28
True or False. Gene expression patterns change over time and in different cell types.
A)True
B)False
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