Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications (Lewis), 9th Edition

Chapter 2: Cells

Practice Tests

1
Cells that replicate themselves and generate differentiated cells when they divide are called _____.
A)prokaryotes
B)eukaryotes
C)bacteria
D)stem cells
2
Which of the three domains of life consist of prokaryotes?
A)Archaea and Bacteria
B)Eukarya and Bacteria
C)Eukarya and Archaea
D)Eukarya only
3
The cells of organisms in which domains of life contain ribosomes?
A)Archaea
B)Bacteria
C)Eukarya
D)All of the above
4
Organelles are found in which domain(s) of life?
A)Archaea
B)Bacteria
C)Eukarya
D)All of the above
5
All ____ share features that enable them to perform the basic life functions: reproduction, growth, response to stimuli, and energy use.
A)genes
B)alleles
C)chromosomes
D)cells
6
Most enzymes belong to what type of macromolecule?
A)carbohydrates
B)proteins
C)lipids
D)nucleic acids
7
Which of the following pairs a genetic disorder with the incorrect defective macromolecule or essential nutrient?
A)Lesch-Nyhan syndrome - nucleic acids
B)maple syrup urine disease - minerals
C)familial hypercholesterolemia - lipids
D)lactose intolerance - carbohydrate
8
Organelles called ____ provide energy by breaking down nutrients from foods.
A)endoplasmic reticulum
B)mitochondria
C)peroxisomes
D)Golgi bodies
9
A child is taken to the doctor with the following symptoms: low blood sugar, skin darkening, muscle weakness, and irregular heartbeat. The doctor concludes that the child has adrenoleukodystrophy and the symptoms arise from the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids in the cells of the brain and spinal cord. This inborn error of metabolism is caused by an enzyme absent from which organelle?
A)nucleus
B)mitochondrion
C)lysosome
D)peroxisome
10
Tay-Sachs disease results from the absence of a particular enzyme found in ____. The absent enzyme normally breaks down lipids in the cells that surround nerve cells; as a result, the nervous system becomes buried in lipid.
A)endoplasmic reticulum.
B)mitochondria
C)lysosomes
D)Golgi bodies
11
After treatment of ___________, one would find high levels of copper in the urine of the individual.
A)Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
B)maple syrup urine disease
C)Wilson disease
D)biotinidase deficiency
12
Secretion begins when the body sends a biochemical message to a cell to begin producing a particular substance. In response to the stimulus, information in certain genes is copied into molecules of ____, which directs the manufacture of ____.
A)mRNA; proteins
B)tRNA; proteins
C)tRNA; mRNA
D)mRNA; tRNA
13
Which of the following statements about membrane proteins is true?
A)They are important in a cell's interactions with other cells.
B)They can cluster on "lipid rafts" that float on the phospholipid bilayer.
C)They can form channels for ions.
D)All of the above
14
Glycolipids and glycoproteins are assembled in the _____.
A)lysosome
B)nucleus
C)mitochondria
D)Golgi apparatus
15
Which of the following is part of the cytoskeleton of a cell?
A)intermediate filaments
B)microtubules
C)microfilaments
D)All of the above
16
Which inherited disease is caused by faulty ion channels?
A)cystic fibrosis
B)Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
C)adrenoleukodystrophy
D)maple syrup urine disease
17
A replicated chromosome consists of two very long strands of identical chromosomal material called_____.
A)telomeres
B)chromatids
C)centromeres
D)genes
18
During the ____ phase of the cell cycle, the cell replicates its entire genome.
A)gap 1 (G1)
B)gap 2 (G2)
C)S
D)mitosis
19
During ____, chromosomes attach to the spindle at their centromeres and align along the center of the cell called the equator.
A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
20
During ____, replicated chromosomes condense, the spindle forms, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
21
During ____, the centromeres part, releasing one chromatid from each pair, which move to opposite ends of the cell.
A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
22
Chromosome tips, or ____, function like a cellular fuse that burns down as pieces are lost from the end; 50 to 200 endmost bases are lost at each mitosis, gradually shortening the chromosome. Mitosis stops once a critical length of DNA is lost.
A)chromatids
B)centromeres
C)centrioles
D)telomeres
23
Syndactyly is a failure of ____ to fully separate the digits.
A)apoptosis
B)membrane proteins
C)cytokinesis
D)mitosis
24
Which factors influence cell division?
A)crowding
B)growth hormones
C)cyclins
D)All of the above influence cell division.
25
____ assist(s) cell movement of white blood cells.
A)Signal transduction
B)Prions
C)Cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs)
D)Peroxisomes
26
During ____, molecules on the plasma membrane assess, transmit, and amplify incoming messages to the cell's interior.
A)signal transduction
B)apoptosis
C)cytokinesis
D)transcription
27
Which is true of progenitor cells?
A)Progenitor cells are less specialized than stem cells.
B)Progenitor cells are totipotent.
C)Progenitor cells are more specialized than stem cells.
D)Progenitor cells divide to form unspecialized stem cells.
28
____ retain the ability to specialize in particular ways in response to signals.
A)Organelles
B)Eukaryotic cells
C)Cell membranes
D)Stem cells
29
The ____ is the site where ribosomes are produced.
A)mitochondrion
B)nucleolus
C)cell membrane
D)endoplasmic reticulum.
30
The ____ is a membrane network extending from the nucleus that is the site of protein and lipid synthesis and protein folding.
A)Golgi apparatus
B)mitochondrion
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)lysosome
31
Found at the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, ____ are the site of protein synthesis.
A)ribosomes
B)lysosomes
C)peroxisomes
D)vitamins
32
The ____ is a sac that contains digestive enzymes used for degrading debris and recycling cell contents.
A)Golgi apparatus
B)cell membrane
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)lysosome
33
The functions of the cytoskeleton include each of the following items EXCEPT:
A)maintains cell shape.
B)transports organelles.
C)moves chromosomes.
D)protects the cell from toxin damage.
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