Mader's Understanding Human Anatomy & Physiology (Longenbaker), 8th Edition

Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System

Multiple Choice Quiz

1
Identify the circuit pumps blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart.
A)systemic circuit
B)cardiac circuit
C)pulmonary circuit
D)vascular circuit
2
Which of the following is NOT true of the heart's functions?
A)Keeps blood flowing in one direction.
B)Circulates blood based on the needs of the body.
C)Mixes oxygen poor and oxygen rich blood.
D)Creates blood pressure.
3
The heart secretes the hormone _____ that regulates _______.
A)ADH; heart rate
B)ADH; blood pressure
C)ANH; heart rate
D)ANH; blood pressure
4
Identify the outermost layer of the pericardial membranes.
A)fibrous pericardium
B)parietal pericardium
C)visceral pericardium
5
Identify the thickest layer of the heart wall.
A)endocardium
B)epicardium
C)myocardium
6
Place the layers of the heart and the coverings of the heart in order from the innermost layer to the outermost layer.
Endocardium
Epicardium
Fibrous pericardium
Myocardium Parietal pericardium
A)1-4-2-3-5
B)1-4-2-5-3
C)2-3-1-4-5
D)3-1-4-2-5
7
The visceral serous pericardium is also known as the:
A)endocardium
B)epicardium
C)fibrous pericardium
D)myocardium
8
Identify the chamber of the heart with the thickest wall.
A)left atrium
B)left ventricle
C)right atrium
D)right ventricle
9
Identify the vessels that return blood to the right atrium.
A)coronary sinus, superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
B)coronary sinus and right and left pulmonary veins
C)right and left pulmonary arteries
D)right and left pulmonary veins
10
Identify the vessel(s) that return blood to the left atrium.
A)coronary sinus, superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
B)coronary sinus and right and left pulmonary veins
C)pulmonary trunk
D)right and left pulmonary veins
11
The chamber of the heart that receives oxygen poor blood from the body is the
A)left atrium.
B)right atrium.
C)left ventricle.
D)right ventricle.
12
The chamber that pumps oxygen rich blood to the body is the
A)left atrium.
B)right atrium.
C)left ventricle.
D)right ventricle.
13
Identify the valve that separates the right atrium and the right ventricle.
A)aortic semilunar
B)bicuspid
C)mitral
D)tricuspid
14
Identify the vessel that carries blood to the left atrium.
A)aorta
B)pulmonary artery
C)pulmonary vein
D)superior vena cava
15
Identify the valve that prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle.
A)aortic semilunar valve
B)pulmonary semilunar valve
C)tricuspid valve
D)bicuspid valve
16
Identify the heart valve that is also called the mitral valve.
A)aortic semilunar
B)bicuspid
C)pulmonary semilunar
D)tricuspid
17
Identify the blood vessel that carries blood from the left ventricle.
A)aorta
B)pulmonary artery
C)pulmonary vein
D)superior vena cava
18
What structures anchor the AV (atrioventricular) valves to the walls of the ventricles?
A)interventricular septum
B)auricles
C)chordae tendinae
D)endocardium
19
What structures in the heart wall prevent the AV (atrioventricular) valves from opening up into the atria?
A)papillary muscles
B)auricles
C)interventricular septum
D)endocardium
20
The first sound of the heart beat results from
A)the closing of the semilunar valves.
B)the closing of the atrioventricular valves.
C)the contraction of the atria.
21
The heart wall receives blood from the
A)blood flowing through it.
B)coronary arteries.
C)cardiac veins.
D)pulmonary arteries.
22
A heart murmur is due to
A)leaky valves.
B)cardiac arrest.
C)valves opening and closing.
D)an extra heart beat.
23
Define artheroscleroisis.
A)Abnormal hardening of arterial walls.
B)Abnormal hardening of heart walls.
C)Destruction of cardiac cells.
D)Inflammation of the arterial walls.
24
Which of the following is NOT true of atherosclerosis?
A)Can be caused by smoking
B)Can be caused by (ital)Helicobacter pylori(/ital)
C)Persons with IDDM are more at risk for atherosclerosis.
D)It is NOT caused by an injury to an artery wall.
25
List the components of the cardiac conduction system in the correct sequence for impulse transmission.
A)AV node, AV bundle, SA node, purkinje fibers
B)AV bundle, AV node, SA node, purkinje fibers
C)SA node, AV node, AV bundle, purkinje fibers
D)purkinje fibers, AV bundle, SA node, AV node
26
What is the natural pacemaker of the heart?
A)AV bundle
B)SA node
C)AV node
D)Purkinje fibers
27
The SA node is located:
A)at the base of the right atrium.
B)in the upper right atrium
C)in the interatrial septum
D)in the interventricular septum
28
Explain the reason there is a delay in processing the electrical signal from the AV node to the AV bundle. To:
A)allow the atria to complete their contraction prior to ventricular contraction
B)ensure the right and left atria contract at the same time
C)ensure the right and left ventricles contract at the same time
D)prevent an ectopic pacemaker
29
The condition in which the AV node fails and the electrical stimulus does not reach the ventricles is called a(an)
A)heart block.
B)myocardial infarction.
C)arrhythmia.
D)ectopic pacemaker.
30
What ECG wave accompanies ventricular depolarization?
A)P wave
B)QRS
C)T wave
31
What wave of an ECG (EKG) represents depolarization of the atria?
A)P wave
B)QRS complex
C)T wave
D)PQ interval
32
The T wave on an ECG (EKG) represents:
A)atrial depolarization
B)atrial repolarization
C)ventricular depolarization
D)ventricular repolarization
33
A heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute is called
A)heart block.
B)tachycardia.
C)fibrillation.
D)bradycardia.
34
A rapid, uncoordinated heart beat is called
A)heart block.
B)tachycardia.
C)fibrillation.
D)bradycardia.
35
The contraction of the heart muscle is called
A)diastole.
B)peristalsis.
C)systole.
D)spasm.
36
During atrial systole, the atria are ______, the ventricles are _______, the AV valves are ______ and the SL valves are _____.
A)contracting; contracting; open; closed
B)contracting; relaxing; open; closed
C)relaxing; contracting; closed; open
D)relaxing; contracting; open; closed
37
During ventricular systole, the atria are ______, the ventricles are _______, the AV valves are ______ and the SL valves are _____.
A)contracting; contracting; open; closed
B)contracting; relaxing; open; closed
C)relaxing; contracting; closed; open
D)relaxing; contracting; open; closed
38
What causes the semilunar valves to open?
A)Increase in pressure in the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
B)Increase in pressure in the ventricles.
C)Decrease in pressure in the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
D)Decrease in pressure in the atria.
39
The volume of blood pumped by a ventricle per minute is the ______.
A)cardiac output
B)stroke volume
C)minute output
D)cardiac load
40
Stroke volume is the volume of blood:
A)in the ventricle prior to ejection.
B)left in the ventricle following ejection.
C)pumped by a ventricle during a single contraction.
D)pumped by a ventricle during a minute.
41
Cardiac output is equal to
A)stroke volume + heart rate.
B)stroke volume / heart rate.
C)heart rate X stroke volume.
D)heart rate -- stroke volume.
42
The cardiac control center (cardioregulatory center) is located in the
A)right atrium
B)hypothalamus
C)medulla oblongata
D)carotid artery
43
If you stand up too quickly and blood pressure drops, baroreceptors in the carotid arteries will signal the cardioregulatory center to send
A)parasympathetic signals to increase heart rate.
B)parasympathetic signals to decrease heart rate.
C)sympathetic signals to decrease heart rate.
D)sympathetic signals to increase heart rate.
44
Which of the following does NOT influence heart rate?
A)body temperature
B)emotions
C)venous return
D)All of the choices influence heart rate.
45
The sympathetic nervous system will ______ contraction strength of the heart, thus leading to a(n) ______ in stroke volume.
A)decrease; decrease
B)decrease; increase
C)increase; increase
D)increase; decrease
46
Frank Starlings law states that if more blood enters the heart,
A)the weaker the contraction.
B)the stronger the contraction.
C)the faster the heart rate.
D)blood volume does not affect the strength of the heart contraction.
47
Contraction of skeletal muscles will _____ venous return, thus ______ stroke volume.
A)decrease; decrease
B)decrease; increase
C)increase; increase
D)increase; decrease
48
Identify the structures blood will flow through as blood flows from the left ventricle.
A)arteriole – artery- capillary - vein - venule
B)artery – arteriole- capillary – venule -vein
C)artery – capillary – arteriole – venule –vein
D)vein- venule – capillary – artery – arteriole
49
Identify the type of vessel that functions in exchange of blood gases, nutrients, and wastes.
A)arteries.
B)arterioles.
C)venules.
D)capillaries.
50
The muscular layer of the blood vessel wall is the
A)tunica externa.
B)tunica media.
C)tunica adventitia.
D)tunica interna.
51
The layer of blood vessels consisting of an endothelial layer with a basement membrane is the tunica:
A)arteriole
B)externa
C)interna
D)media
52
Place the layers of a blood vessel in order from innermost to outermost layer.
A)tunica externa – tunica intima – tunica media
B)tunica externa – tunica media – tunica intima
C)tunica intima – tunica externa – tunica media
D)tunica intima – tunica media – tunica externa
53
Which of the following is NOT true of artery structure and function?
A)Arteries carry blood toward the heart.
B)The tunica media is thicker in arteries.
C)Smaller arteries called arterioles control blood pressure.
D)Arteries expand and recoil as the heart beats.
54
Which of the following is NOT an aspect of capillary structure and function?
A)Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels.
B)Capillaries serve as sites for the exchange of gases between the blood and tissue fluid.
C)Capillaries receive blood from arterioles.
D)Blood flow through capillaries is very fast.
55
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of veins?
A)Have valves.
B)Receive blood from venules.
C)Transport oxygen poor blood.
D)Transport blood toward the heart.
56
The fluid that surrounds the cells of the body is called:
A)blood
B)lymph
C)plasma
D)tissue fluid
57
Compared to tissue fluid, the osmotic pressure of blood is typically _____; thus water moves into the _____.
A)greater; capillary
B)greater; tissue fluid
C)lower; capillary
D)lower; tissue fluid
58
Identify the process that allows for the movement of carbon dioxide between the blood and the tissue fluid.
A)active transport
B)diffusion
C)filtration
D)osmosis
59
Identify the process that allows for the movement of fluid into the capillary at its venous end.
A)Active transport
B)Diffusion
C)Filtration
D)Osmosis
60
Identify the factor that accounts for the movement of water and dissolved nutrients out of the arterial end of a capillary.
A)blood pressure
B)osmotic pressure
C)diffusion
D)active transport
61
Inflammation of veins, called ________, is a serious condition because a thromboembolism may occur.
A)phlebitis
B)varicose veins
C)hemorrhoids
D)pulmonary embolism
62
Blood flows the fastest in
A)venules.
B)arteries.
C)capillaries.
D)arterioles.
63
Blood pressure is highest in the _____ and lowest in the _____.
A)aorta; capillaries.
B)aorta; vena cavae
C)capillaries; vena cavae.
D)arterioles; capillaries
64
A measure of the arterial blood pressure over time is the
A)mean arterial blood pressure
B)stroke volume.
C)peripheral resistance.
D)pulse pressure.
65
If the diameter of a blood vessel decreases, then the resistance will _____, thus blood pressure will _____.
A)decrease; decrease
B)decrease; increase
C)increase; increase
D)increase; decrease
66
Identify the factors that affect peripheral resistance.
A)Arterial diameter and length
B)Cardiac output and blood volume.
C)Heart rate and stroke volume.
D)Venous diameter and stroke volume
67
Identify the two primary factors that determine blood pressure.
A)Arterial diameter and length
B)Cardiac output and peripheral resistance
C)Heart rate and stroke volume
D)Venous diameter and stroke volume
68
Venous return does NOT depend on
A)skeletal muscle contraction.
B)respiration.
C)speed of blood flow.
D)total blood volume.
69
The skeletal muscle pump refers to skeletal muscles compressing against the walls of _____ to increase ______.
A)arteries; blood flow to the lower extremities
B)arteries: blood flow to the head
C)veins: blood flow to the lower extremities
D)veins; return of blood to the heart
70
The respiratory pump _____ the pressure difference between the abdominal region and the thoracic region thus leading to a(n) ______ in venous return.
A)decrease; decrease
B)decrease; increase
C)increase; decrease
D)increase; increase
71
The vasomotor center that controls the diameter of blood vessels is located in the
A)medulla oblongata.
B)pons.
C)cerebrum.
D)cerebellum.
72
In response to a decrease in blood pressure, heart rate will _____ and the arterioles will ______.
A)increase; dilate.
B)decreases; dilate.
C)decreases; constrict.
D)increases; constrict.
73
In response to a decrease in blood pressure, heart rate will _____ and the arterioles will ______.
A)increase; dilate.
B)decreases; dilate.
C)decreases; constrict.
D)increases; constrict.
74
Which of the following would cause blood pressure to decrease?
A)increased peripheral resistance
B)increased heart rate
C)epinephrine
D)atrial natriuretic factor
75
Identify the hormone(s) that will increase blood volume and thus blood pressure.
A)ADH and ANH
B)ADH and aldosterone
C)ANH
D)Aldosterone and ANH
76
Identify the hormone(s) that will decrease blood volume and thus blood pressure.
A)ADH and ANH
B)ADH and aldosterone
C)ANH
D)Aldosterone and ANH
77
Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by increasing:
A)arteriole constriction and stimulating the release of aldosterone.
B)arteriole dilation and increasing cardiac output.
C)heart rate and stroke volume.
D)heart rate and arteriole constriction
78
Place the events of the angiotensin/aldosterone pathway in order of occurrence.
Formation of angiotensin II
Increase in blood voluume
Reabsorption of sodium and water
Secretion of aldosterone
Secretion of renin
A)1, 5, 3, 4 and 2
B)2, 3, 5, 1 and 5
C)2, 5, 4, 1, and 3
D)5, 1, 4, 3, and 2
79
Two of the more common pulse points are the:
A)common carotid artery and the radial artery
B)common carotid artery and the ulnar artery
C)jugular artery and radial artery
D)ulnar artery and temporal artery.
80
Pulse is defined as a(n):
A)alternating expansion and recoil of an arterial wall
B)heart contraction
C)pressure exerted against an arterial wall when the left ventricle contracts
D)pressure exerted against an arterial well when the left ventricle relaxes
81
Identify the blood vessel that is generally used to determine blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer.
A)radial artery.
B)subclavian artery.
C)brachial artery.
D)carotid artery.
82
The path of systemic circulation begins at the:
A)left atrium
B)left ventricle
C)right atrium
D)right ventricle
83
List the sections of the aorta beginning with the section that leaves the heart.
A)aortic arch, ascending aorta and descending aorta
B)ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta
C)descending aorta, aortic arch and ascending aorta
D)descending aorta, ascending aorta and aortic arch
84
Identify the vessels that branch of the ascending aorta.
A)Brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries
B)Common iliac arteries
C)Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava and coronary sinus.
D)Left and right coronary arteries
85
Identify the vessels that branch of the aortic arch.
A)Brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries
B)Common iliac arteries
C)Inferior vena cava, superior vena cava and coronary sinus.
D)Left and right coronary arteries
86
The end of the descending aorta branches into the:
A)celiac artery
B)common iliac arteries
C)renal arteries
D)superior mesenteric artery
87
The main systemic arteries branch off of the
A)coronary artery.
B)aorta.
C)subclavian artery.
D)carotid artery.
88
Identify the main vessels that deliver oxygen rich blood to the head.
A)jugular veins
B)subclavian arteries.
C)common carotid arteries.
D)brachiocephalic veins.
89
What vessels deliver oxygen rich blood to the legs?
A)external iliac arteries
B)internal iliac veins
C)inferior vena cava
D)hepatic portal veins
90
What vessels drain oxygen poor blood from the brain, head, and neck?
A)jugular veins
B)subclavian veins
C)common carotid arteries
D)brachiocephalic arteries
91
What vessels drain blood from the kidneys?
A)hepatic veins
B)jugular veins.
C)renal veins
D)internal iliac arteries
92
The common iliac artery is in which blood circuit?
A)pulmonary
B)coronary
C)systemic
D)pelvic
93
Blood from the stomach and intestines is transported to the liver by the:
A)aorta
B)hepatic artery
C)hepatic portal vein
D)renal artery
94
The opening between the two atria in the fetus is the _____.
A)ductus venosus
B)ductus arteriosus
C)foramen ovale
D)circle of Willis
95
Identify the vessel that transports oxygen rich blood to the fetus.
A)ductus arteriosus
B)ductus venosus
C)umbilical arteries
D)umbilical vein
96
Identify the fetal structures that help circulation to by-pass the lungs.
A)ductus arteriosus and ductus venosus
B)ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale
C)foramen ovale and umbilical arteries
D)umbilical arteries and umbilical vein
97
With age, the size of the heart typically _____ and the resting heart rate _____.
A)decreases; decreases
B)decreases; increases
C)increases; increases
D)increases; decreases
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