Marine Biology (Castro), 9th Edition

Chapter 11: Between the Tides

Chapter Quiz

1
Which of these intertidal habitats would be the most difficult to study?
A)wave-swept rocks at high tide
B)A deep pool at low tide
C)A muddy bay with low oxygen in the sediment
D)A flat sandy beach in a bay
2
Where would a biologist who wants to study the life of tide pools be wise to visit?
A)Louisiana
B)Virginia
C)Washington
D)Vermont
3
Rocky intertidal species exposed to air cope with potential desiccation by all of these means except which one?
A)Avoiding the hot sun by moving or growing in damp crevices
B)Sealing up shells and over coverings to prevent water loss
C)Being able to tolerate losing up to 90% of the body water
D)Having brown shells
4
Greatest high-tide to low-tide difference in water-levels occurs during a spring tide.
A)True
B)False
5
Deposit feeders are very common in rocky intertidal areas due to the high amount of detritus trapped in the rocks.
A)True
B)False
6
Nutrients from seawater are generally the key limiting resource in the rocky intertidal zone.
A)True
B)False
7
Wave action in the middle rocky intertidal disturbs and reduces the biodiversity by removing species.
A)True
B)False
8
Why might tide pools at the highest tide levels may be inhabited only by bacterial films?
A)Grazing snails do not range into the highest tidal levels.
B)The animals of the upper intertidal zone cannot survive total emersion in seawater.
C)The water in the pools can evaporate, making the pools hypersaline and anoxic.
D)Nothing consumes bacteria.
9
Which of these intertidal animals would be the most difficult to observe at low tide?
A)A chiton that lives on the surface of rocks
B)A mussel living in surf-swept areas
C)A crab that retreats into a burrow
D)A limpet that lives under algae
10
In a rocky intertidal area, an observer probably could find the most filter-feeding barnacles in which of these areas?
A)Quiet pool with much sediment
B)Ocean-facing mid-tidal rock
C)Upper part of a surf-swept cliff
D)Under seaweeds
11
In the lowest intertidal zone, seaweeds can eliminate other competing seaweeds by:
A)Having more larval stages.
B)Shading them so that the competing species cannot carry on photosynthesis.
C)Attaching to them.
D)Being able to tolerate harsher environmental conditions.
12
The lower rocky intertidal zone is dominated by lichens and cyanobacteria dominate which of these locations?.
A)The beach surf zone
B)The mudflats
C)The lower rocky intertidal zone.
D)The salt marsh.
13
Seaweeds grow well in some soft-bottom communities because their holdfasts grip the sediment well.
A)True
B)False
14
Many marine animals in soft-bottom communities specialize as herbivores on the abundant mats of diatoms that often grow there.
A)True
B)False
15
An example of sessile epifauna would be a:
A)Barnacle.
B)Starfish.
C)Periwinkle.
D)Soft-shelled clam.
16
Which feature is NOT a requirement for organisms exposed to wave shock?
A)Strong anchorage system
B)Low body profile
C)Suction cup
D)Tolerance of low oxygen levels
17
Feeding by sea stars benefits:
A)Mussels, by reducing the number of algal competitors.
B)Lobsters, by reducing the numbers of mussels.
C)Barnacles, by reducing the numbers of dog whelks.
D)Periwinkles, by reducing the numbers of unicorn snails.
18
Animals of the upper sandy beach generally feed
A)On dune plants.
B)On diatoms.
C)By scavenging.
D)By filtering the water at high tide.
19
Polychaete worms with long, sticky tentacles feed by:
A)Filter feeding with their siphons and gills.
B)Producing a mucus net.
C)Spreading the tentacles on the bottom and catching particles there.
D)Pumping water through siphons.
20
Why might a burrowing worm be colored bright red?
A)Warning coloration
B)It's nocturnal
C)It contains hemoglobin
D)Mate attraction
21
Intertidal areas with soft bottoms are difficult places for organisms to survive because:
A)There are high bacteria levels.
B)The substrate is constantly shifting due to wave and tidal actions.
C)The water conditions are always anoxic.
D)They are subjected to extremes of water pressure.
22
Organisms that burrow into the intertidal bottom are called:
A)Epifauna
B)Sessile
C)keystone predators
D)Infauna
23
Which of these organisms would inhabit a sandy beach environment mostly above the high tide line?
A)Blue crab
B)Sand dollar
C)Ghost crab
D)Moon snail
24
Most rocky intertidal species disperse their populations via larvae.
A)True
B)False
25
Caging experiments have shown that mussels are superior to algae as competitors for space, and algae may only "win" the competition if there is high predation of the mussels.
A)True
B)False
26
Periwinkles (Littorina) often dominate the upper rocky intertidal because they can breathe air and tolerate extremes of temperature.
A)True
B)False
27
Animals adapted to live in low-oxygen environments have which of the following adaptations that allow them to survive in very low oxygen levels?
A)Special feeding appendages
B)Burrowing mechanisms
C)Special hemoglobin
D)Hard exoskeletons
28
If limpets graze on and consume all of newly settled larvae and spores, ecological succession in that area may never pass the bacteria and algal film stage.
A)True
B)False
29
Calm, sheltered areas of coastal waters tend to have:
A)Bottoms covered with fine silty mud
B)Bottoms covered with course sand and gravel
C)Bottoms covered with large masses of encrusting coralline algae
D)Large wave rounded boulders
30
The presence of hydrogen sulfide in shallow water marine sediments indicates which of these conditions exist?
A)A very soft fine sediment
B)A course sandy sediment
C)The presence of anaerobic bacteria and low oxygen
D)High grazing rates by periwinkle snails
31
Burrowing clams use which part of their anatomy in order to burrow?
A)Mantle
B)Gill
C)Shell
D)Foot
32
Upper zones of sandy beaches are dominated by crustaceans that eat smaller animals, detritus, and other dead matter.
A)True
B)False
33
The bottom material upon which an organism lives or colonizes is called:
A)Immersion
B)Subsiding coastlines
C)Substrate
D)An active continental margin.
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