Glencoe Science Level Red

Chapter 4: Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Matter

1
The small, negatively charged particles discovered by J.J. Thomson are called __________ .
A)alpha particles
B)neutrons
C)electrons
D)protons
2
Which of the following methods would be most useful for describing atoms?
A)visualizing with a microscope
B)constructing a model
C)touching with bare hands
D)observing in a test tube
3
What group contains elements that are gases at room temperature?
A)isotopes
B)metalloids
C)metals
D)nonmetals
4
The atomic number of manganese is 25; its mass number is 55. How many neutrons does an atom of manganese have in its nucleus?
A)55
B)25
C)30
D)80
5
An element's atomic number is the number of __________ in the nucleus of each atom of that element.
A)positrons
B)protons
C)electrons
D)neutrons
6
Rutherford called the positively charged, central part of the atom the __________ .
A)neutron
B)proton
C)nucleus
D)electron
7
Which of the following is a compound?
A)blood
B)water
C)brass
D)air
8
Which of the following is a characteristic of most metals?
A)gases at room temperature
B)poor conductors of electricity
C)shiny luster
D)dull in appearance
9
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called __________.
A)nonmetals
B)metals
C)isotopes
D)metalloids
10
Democritus believed that the universe was made of empty space and __________ .
A)atoms
B)molecules
C)compounds
D)elements
11
Why did J.J. Thomson conclude that cathode rays were made up of small particles that had mass?
A)Some of the rays changed direction and bounced back.
B)The metal plates in his experiment had no net charge.
C)He could see individual particles traveling from the negatively charged plate to the positively charged plate.
D)They were bent by a magnet.
12
A(n) __________ is a material that cannot be broken down into simpler materials by ordinary means.
A)metal
B)mixture
C)compound
D)element
13
In his experiments with gold foil, why did Rutherford conclude that the gold atoms contained some positively-charged objects?
A)He knew that a gold atom has a net positive charge.
B)He observed alpha particles passing through the gold foil.
C)Some of the alpha particles bounced off the gold foil instead of passing through.
D)After colliding with the gold foil, some of the alpha particles were heavier.
14
Scientists have broken down protons and neutrons into smaller particles called __________ .
A)vacuoles
B)nuclei
C)quarks
D)isotopes
15
An example of a synthetic element is __________ .
A)plutonium
B)iron
C)nitrogen
D)aluminum
16
The atomic mass of an element is __________ of that element.
A)the average mass of an atom
B)the number of electrons in each atom
C)the number of protons plus the number of neutrons of an atom
D)the number of protons in each atom
17
What nineteenth century scientist designed the atomic theory of matter?
A)Ernest Rutherford
B)John Dalton
C)Isaac Newton
D)J.J. Thomson
18
An atom containing six positive charges and six negative charges has __________ charge.
A)no net
B)a strong negative
C)a positive
D)a negative
19
The __________ is a chart created by chemists to organize the elements.
A)isotope
B)metalloid list
C)periodic table
D)mass number
20
James Chadwick named the uncharged particles in the atomic nucleus __________ .
A)neutrons
B)protons
C)alpha particles
D)electrons