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| 1.
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How does climate affect chemical and mechanical weathering?
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| | A) | Chemical and mechanical weathering occur more rapidly in warm, wet climates. |
| | B) | Mechanical weathering occurs more rapidly in warm, wet climates, and chemical weathering occurs more in cold climates. |
| | C) | Chemical weathering occurs more rapidly in warm, wet climates, and mechanical weathering occurs more in cold climates. |
| | D) | Chemical weathering occurs more rapidly in dry climates and mechanical weathering occurs more in windy climates. |
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| 2.
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Each layer of a soil profile is called a __________.
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| | A) | litter |
| | B) | horizon |
| | C) | humus |
| | D) | horizontal |
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| 3.
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Why does clearing tropical rain forests have an adverse effect on soil quality?
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| | A) | Burning fields leave ash and soot in the soil, making it impossible to grow crops. |
| | B) | Uprooting trees makes the soil vulnerable to erosion. |
| | C) | By clearing rain forests soil is vulnerable to direct sunlight that damages the richness of the soil. |
| | D) | The soil is only good for farmers for a few years before the nutrients are gone because the soil is almost infertile below the first few centimeters. |
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| 4.
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Why is ice wedging most obvious in the mountains?
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| | A) | because the temperature changes in the mountains allow for the repeated freezing and thawing of water caught in cracks of rocks |
| | B) | because gravity pulls on the water in the cracks more if its found higher in the mountains |
| | C) | because the pressure in the mountains allows for the repeated freezing and thawing of water caught in cracks of rocks |
| | D) | because the altitude directly contributes to how the water freezes in the cracks of rocks |
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| 5.
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Climate affects soil types; for instance, prairie soils have __________.
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| | A) | granitic C horizons because little or no grass grows there |
| | B) | thick, dark, A horizons because of all the grasses that contribute organic materials |
| | C) | thin, lightly colored A horizons because of the lack of vegetation |
| | D) | thinner A and B horizons due to leaching, which is promoted by rainfall |
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| 6.
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__________ is a method in which level-topped areas are built into steep-sided hills.
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| | A) | Weathering |
| | B) | Terracing |
| | C) | No-till farming |
| | D) | Ice wedging |
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| 7.
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How do construction sites attempt to reduce erosion?
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| | A) | They replace topsoil that has been removed during construction. |
| | B) | all answers are correct |
| | C) | They spray exposed soil with water to prevent wind erosion. |
| | D) | They cover exposed ground with plastic to prevent wind erosion. |
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| 8.
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How is surface area related to chemical weathering?
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| | A) | Increased surface area allows for more interactions of rocks with plants and animals. |
| | B) | Decreased surface area allows for more interactions of rocks with water and oxygen. |
| | C) | Increased surface area allows for more interactions of rocks with water and oxygen. |
| | D) | Decreased surface area allows for more ice wedging. |
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| 9.
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In which horizon of a soil profile is the parent material usually found?
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| | A) | horizon C |
| | B) | horizon A |
| | C) | horizon B |
| | D) | horizon D |
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| 10.
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Decayed organic material turns into a dark colored material called ___________.
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| | A) | clay |
| | B) | soil |
| | C) | litter |
| | D) | humus |
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| 11.
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Soil is a mixture of __________.
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| | A) | all answers are correct |
| | B) | weathered rock and water |
| | C) | decayed organic matter and oxygen |
| | D) | mineral fragments |
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| 12.
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A soil's composition is dependent on weathering because __________.
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| | A) | it keeps the soil moist |
| | B) | it moves the topsoil to other areas where it is more needed |
| | C) | it contributes sediment to the soil |
| | D) | it makes the soil more fertile |
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| 13.
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How do farmers attempt to manage crops to reduce soil erosion?
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| | A) | They plant shelter belts to protect crops from wind erosion. |
| | B) | They practice no-till farming. |
| | C) | They use animals to graze over vegetation instead of plowing. |
| | D) | all answers are correct |
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| 14.
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When water mixes with carbon dioxide in the air, it forms __________.
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| | A) | carbonic acid |
| | B) | hydrochloric acid |
| | C) | sulfuric acid |
| | D) | ozone |
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| 15.
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How does grazing affect soil?
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| | A) | Grazing can be used in place of plowing in no-till farming. |
| | B) | all answers are correct |
| | C) | Overgrazing can leave soil vulnerable to wind and water erosion. |
| | D) | Grazing can improve soil quality due to organic matter that livestock leaves behind. |
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| 16.
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How do chemical and mechanical weathering differ?
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| | A) | Plant roots can help mechanical weathering occur, but have no impact on soil when it comes to chemical weathering. |
| | B) | Mechanical weathering occurs when rocks are broken by physical processes, and chemical weathering happens when chemical reactions dissolve minerals. |
| | C) | Chemical weathering can occur with the help of water reacting with carbon dioxide, and water has nothing to do with mechanical weathering. |
| | D) | Mechanical and chemical weathering can happen with the help of animals. |
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| 17.
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In which horizon of a soil profile does leaching normally occur?
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| | A) | horizon B |
| | B) | horizon C |
| | C) | horizon D |
| | D) | horizon A |
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| 18.
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How does soil erosion affect topsoil?
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| | A) | It moves the topsoil to other areas where it is more needed. |
| | B) | It washes it away. |
| | C) | It keeps it moist. |
| | D) | It makes it more fertile. |
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| 19.
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How does agricultural cultivation contribute to soil erosion?
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| | A) | Farmers who plow their land uproot plant roots which hold soil in place. |
| | B) | Farmers who plow their land remove soil to make planting more productive. |
| | C) | When farmers plow their land they leave it vulnerable to animals that use and remove soil to build their homes. |
| | D) | Farmers who cultivate their land bring in livestock to help stop soil erosion. |
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| 20.
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Erosion is more common on __________.
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| | A) | in valleys |
| | B) | level ground |
| | C) | steep slopes |
| | D) | on gently sloping hills |
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