Indiana Science Grade 7

Chapter 20: Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

1.
How does the Richter scale measure the energy an earthquake releases?
A)It records the height of the waves.
B)It records the timing of the waves.
C)It records the type of waves.
D)It records the distance between the waves.
2.
What is the cause of the Pacific Ring of Fire?
A)the Pacific Ocean itself
B)diverging plate boundaries
C)converging plate boundaries
D)compressing plate boundaries
3.
How are strike-slip faults formed?
A)Strike forces form them.
B)Slip forces form them.
C)Shear forces form them.
D)Gravitational forces form them.
4.
What kind of waves do earthquakes transmit?
A)air waves
B)sound waves
C)tidal waves
D)seismic waves
5.
Which waves cause the most damage during an earthquake?
A)ones that travel along the surface
B)ones that only travel downward
C)ones that travel perpendicular to the mantle
D)ones that travel deep within Earth
6.
What do colliding plates have to do with volcanoes?
A)The plate that gets pushed up creates a volcano.
B)Colliding plates have nothing to do with volcanoes.
C)The plates that separate create a volcano.
D)The plate that gets pushed underground melts to become magma.
7.
Which waves cause particles to vibrate at right angles to the direction in which they are moving?
A)sound waves
B)P-waves
C)S-waves
D)seismic waves
8.
What is tephra?
A)lava that has cooled in midair after an eruption
B)very fluid lava
C)lava that is slowly released from fissures
D)lava that cools beneath the surface before an eruption
9.
How do seismologists predict earthquakes?
A)They measure the electrical conductivity of rocks.
B)They monitor groundwater levels.
C)They measure movement along fault lines.
D)all answers are correct
10.
How do seismographs approximate the location of an epicenter?
A)The arrival times have nothing to do with approximating the earthquake's location.
B)The farther apart the arrival times of the different waves are, the closer the earthquake is.
C)The closer the arrival times of the different waves are, the farther away the earthquake is.
D)The farther apart the arrival times of the different waves are, the farther away the earthquake is.
11.
Why do so many volcanoes form on divergent and convergent plate boundaries?
A)These plate separate to create volcanoes.
B)Converging and diverging plates have nothing to do with volcanoes.
C)because melting plates cause magma to form beneath the surface
D)These plates get pushed up and create volcanoes.
12.
How would you describe lava with a high viscosity?
A)fluid
B)smooth
C)thick
D)watery
13.
From where do seismic waves originate?
A)equator
B)epicenter
C)focus
D)center
14.
What causes the broad, gently sloping sides of a shield volcano?
A)highly viscous lava
B)colliding plates
C)basaltic lava
D)ocean floor spreading
15.
Which form of energy is transformed into seismic waves during an earthquake?
A)fusion
B)radiation
C)kinetic energy
D)potential energy
16.
What is the point on Earth's surface where an earthquake's energy is received?
A)epicenter
B)focus
C)equator
D)center
17.
What dictates the type of fault formed when a surface breaks?
A)the type of soil involved at the location of the fault
B)the weather conditions at the time of the faulting
C)the current barometric pressure
D)the way in which the forces are applied to a rock
18.
What is the cause of the vibrations felt during an earthquake?
A)forces pushing/pulling on rocks
B)elastic rebound
C)rocks breaking under pressure
D)all answers are correct
19.
What kind of eruptions are responsible for most of the rock found on Earth's surface?
A)highly viscous lava eruptions
B)fissure eruptions
C)deep-sea eruptions
D)explosive eruptions
20.
What kind of forces cause normal faults?
A)tension forces
B)compression forces
C)gravity
D)inertia
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