Physics Principles and Problems 2009

Chapter 30: Nuclear Physics

Standardized Test Practice

1
The diagram represents a nuclear reaction. Which symbol is missing from the diagram?
<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0078807220/617938/cn.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (6.0K)</a>
A)<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0078807220/617938/ch30_eq1.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a>

B)<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0078807220/617938/ch30_eq2.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a>

C)<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0078807220/617938/ch30_eq3.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a>

D)<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0078807220/617938/ch30_eq4.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a>

2
Which accurately shows beta decay of lead into bismuth?
A)<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0078807220/617938/ch30_eq7.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (6.0K)</a>

B)<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0078807220/617938/ch30_eq8.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (6.0K)</a>

C)<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0078807220/617938/ch30_eq9.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (6.0K)</a>

D)<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0078807220/617938/ch30_eq10.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (6.0K)</a>

3
How much of a 4.0-g sample of carbon-14 will remain after 22,920 years?
A)1.0 g
B)0.50 g
C)0.25 g
D)0.13 g
4
The diagram shows a collision between two nuclear particles. What is formed in the collision?

<a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0078807220/617938/co.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (2.0K)</a>
A)protons and neutrons
B)gamma rays
C)antimatter
D)condensation trails
5
The mass of a free neutron at rest is 1.008665 u. The mass of a free proton at rest is 1.007825 u. Nitrogen-13 has a mass of 13.00574 u. What is the mass defect of nitrogen-13?
A)–0.08014 u
B)–0.10102 u
C)-0.10989 u
D)–0.11998 u
6
You may need to use the following for this problem:
mneutron = 1.008665 u
mproton = 1.007825 u
binding energy of 1 u = 931.49 MeV
The mass defect of the carbon isotope <a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0078807220/617938/ch30_eq13.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a> is –0.10425 u. What is the mass of the isotope?
A)13.10761 u
B)13.01365 u
C)13.00734 u
D)13.00336 u
7
You may need to use the following for this problem:
mneutron = 1.008665 u
mhydrogen = 1.007825 u
binding energy of 1 u = 931.49 MeV
An oxygen isotope, <a onClick="window.open('/olcweb/cgi/pluginpop.cgi?it=jpg::::/sites/dl/free/0078807220/617938/ch30_eq14.jpg','popWin', 'width=NaN,height=NaN,resizable,scrollbars');" href="#"><img valign="absmiddle" height="16" width="16" border="0" src="/olcweb/styles/shared/linkicons/image.gif"> (1.0K)</a> , has a mass of 17.99916 u. What is its binding energy?
A)–75.102 MeV
B)–139.81 MeV
C)–148.88 MeV
D)–167.66 MeV
8
When an atom of plutonium-245 is transmuted into an atom of americium-245, what type of decay has occurred?
A)alpha decay
B)beta decay
C)gamma decay
D)proton decay
9
A nuclear fusion reactor for commercial production of energy has not yet been developed. What is the best explanation for this situation?
A)Nuclear fusion requires very low temperatures.
B)Nuclear fusion forms highly radioactive products.
C)Nuclear fusion requires very high energies to occur.
D)The fuel for nuclear fusion is unavailable on Earth.
10
Which type of force overcomes the repulsive electrostatic force between the protons in an atomic nucleus?
A)electromagnetic
B)strong nuclear
C)gravitational
D)weak nuclear
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