Chemistry Concepts and Applications

Chapter 20: Chemical Reactions and Energy

Standardized Test Practice

1
What is NOT true of fossil fuels?

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A)Fossil fuels are the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago.
B)Energy is required to cause fossil fuels to react with oxygen.
C)Energy is released when fossil fuels react with oxygen.
D)Fossil fuels absorb carbon dioxide when they burn.
2
According to the law of conservation of energy, heat lost by the reaction in a calorimeter __________.

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A)cannot be measured
B)must be equal to the heat gained by the water
C)must be equal to the heat lost by the water
D)must be greater than the heat gained by the water
3
In a coal-burning power plant, electricity __________.

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A)is produced by the generator
B)heats water
C)causes coal to burn
D)causes the turbine to spin
4
According to the law of conservation of energy, endothermic reactions __________.

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A)are impossible
B)are improbable
C)result in higher-energy products
D)result in lower-energy products
5
When an animal converts stored chemical energy during respiration __________ is produced.

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A)oxygen
B)heat
C)matter
D)energy
6
Both exothermic and endothermic reactions require __________.
A)activation energy
B)gaseous products
C)solid reactants
D)precipitation
7
The maximum energy reached during a reaction's uncatalyzed pathway is __________ the maximum energy reached during its catalyzed pathway.
A)equal to
B)greater than
C)slightly less than
D)much less than
8
A system's __________ describes its degree of disorder.
A)energy
B)mass
C)entropy
D)volume
9
A reaction is always spontaneous in the forward direction when its __________.
A)energy decreases and entropy increases
B)energy increases and entropy increases
C)energy increases and entropy decreases
D)energy decreases and entropy decreases
10
One Calorie equals __________.
A)one BTU
B)one calorie
C)one joule
D)one kilocalorie
11
With the energy required to make one aluminum can from ore, how many recycled aluminum cans can be made?
A)one
B)less than one
C)fifteen to twenty
D)more than twenty-five
12
The typical maximum efficiency of a coal-fired power plant is __________.
A)less than 40%
B)between 50% and 60%
C)between 60% and 70%
D)greater than 70%
13
One calorie is equal to 4.184J. How much energy in joules is supplied by a breakfast bar containing 170 nutritional calories?
A)170 J
B)711 J
C)1.7 x 10 5 J
D)7.11 x 10 5 J
14
The two basic series of reactions that make up photosynthesis are called __________.
A)the dark reactions and the nitrogen cycle
B)the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
C)the light reactions and the oxygen cycle
D)the light reactions and the carbon dioxide cycle
15
The low entropy of living things is maintained partially by __________.
A)an increase in the entropy of the surroundings
B)a decrease in the energy of the universe
C)a decrease in the entropy of the surroundings
D)an increase in the energy of the living things
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