12.1 Introduction
1. Describe the general characteristics of blood, and discuss its major functions.
2. Distinguish among the formed elements and liquid portion of blood.

12.2 Blood Cells
3. Explain the significance of red blood cell counts.
4. Summarize the control of red blood cell production.
5. Distinguish among the five types of white blood cells, and give the function(s) of each type.

12.3 Blood Plasma
6. Describe the functions of each of the major components of plasma.

12.4 Hemostasis
7. Define hemostasis, and explain the mechanisms that help achieve it.
8. Review the major steps in blood coagulation.

12.5 Blood Groups and Transfusions
9. Explain blood typing and how it is used to avoid adverse reactions following blood transfusions.
10. Describe how blood reactions may occur between fetal and maternal tissues.