18.1 Introduction
1. Explain water and electrolyte balance.

18.2 Distribution of Body Fluids
2. Explain body fluid distribution in compartments.

18.3 Water Balance
3. List the routes by which water enters and leaves the body, and explain how water intake and output are regulated.

18.4 Electrolyte Balance
4. Explain how electrolytes enter and leave the body, and describe how electrolyte intake and output are regulated.

18.5 Acid-Base Balance
5. List the major sources of hydrogen ions in the body.
6. Distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases.
7. Explain how chemical buffer systems, the respiratory center, and the kidneys keep the pH of body fluids constant.

18.6 Acid-Base Imbalances
8. Describe the causes and consequences of an increase or decrease in body fluid pH.