20.1 Introduction
1. Distinguish between growth and development.
2. Distinguish between prenatal and postnatal periods.

20.2 Pregnancy
3. Describe fertilization.

20.3 Prenatal Period
4. List and provide details of the major events of cleavage.
5. Distinguish between an embryo and a fetus.
6. Discuss the hormonal changes in the maternal body during pregnancy.
7. List the structures produced by each of the primary germ layers.
8. Describe the major events of the embryonic stage of development.
9. Describe the major events of the fetal stage of development.
10. Trace the general path of blood through the fetal cardiovascular system.
11. Explain the role of hormones in the birth process and milk production.

20.4 Postnatal Period
12. Describe the major physiological adjustments required of the newborn.

20.5 Aging
13. Distinguish between passive aging and active aging.

20.6 Genetics
14. Distinguish among the modes of inheritance.
15. Describe the components of multifactorial traits.