| A) | States and territories that fell under French control during the Directory and were reconstituted as republics in collaboration with native revolutionaries.
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| B) | The chief administrator in each French department appointed by the central government; a hallmark of centralization established by Napoleon but lasting into the twentieth century.
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| C) | The centrist republican regime in France between 1795 and 1799; characterized by a weak executive, political polarization, and instability.
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| D) | The period between the fall of Robespierre and the establishment of the Directory during which the Convention dismantled the Terror and attacked egalitarian politics.
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| E) | Economic sanctions established by Napoleon under which all ships carrying British goods or trading with Britain, even those from neutral countries, were banned from European ports and subject to seizure.
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| F) | Locally prominent and wealthy individuals whose support for Napoleon and subsequent French governments was encouraged by state recognition and honors.
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| G) | The religious settlement with Pope Pius VII that made Catholicism the "preferred" religion in France but protected religious freedom for non- Catholics.
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| H) | A grand codification of French law under Napoleon, which preserved certain gains of the Revolution such as legal equality and the abolition of seigneurial property, while clarifying contract and family law.
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| I) | The coup d'état in 1799 that overthrew the Directory and led to the dictatorship of Napoleon Bonaparte.
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| J) | In Spain during the Napoleonic occupation, groups of irregular fighters who harassed French troops, restricted access to supplies, and punished collaborators; a pioneering model for modern guerrilla warfare.
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