| A) | An economic, political, and social organization of medieval Europe. Land was held by vassals from more powerful overlords in exchange for military and other services.
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| B) | A free warrior who places himself under a lord, accepting the terms of loyal service, fighting in times of war, and counseling in times of peace.
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| C) | Land given to a vassal from his lord in exchange for specified terms of service; sometimes called benefice.
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| D) | The division of agricultural land on a manor into three large fields. The lord held land for his direct profit in these, and his serfs also had strips of land in all three fields. The land farmed by each individual was therefore mixed in with, and open to, neighboring plots. The medieval system lasted long after serfdom ended in England and France.
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| E) | An assembly of men who advised the king and acted as his principal court.
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| F) | Conflict between the German emperor and the pope over who had the authority to appoint bishops and "invest" them with their spiritual symbols of office, the ring and the staff.
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| G) | In the eleventh through thirteenth centuries, a series of armed expeditions of Christians to the East to overturn Islamic rule of the Holy Land.
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| H) | An estate held by the lord that included land, the people on the land, and a village, usually with a mill. A fief might contain a number of manors or sometimes just part of one.
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| I) | An agricultural, legal, and social organization of land, including a nucleated village, large fields for agriculture, and serfs to work the land.
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| J) | An oath, often accompanying the oath of homage, in which the vassal swears to uphold his homage.
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| K) | Peasant who was personally free, but bound to the lord of a manor and worked the land on the manor.
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| L) | An oath of allegiance sworn by a vassal to his lord.
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| M) | Land, worked by serfs, that the lord held for his own crops and profit.
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