| A) | A new code of behavior that refined the manners of knights and nobles and adapted them to life in a noble household.
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| B) | A writer of vernacular romantic lyrics or tales who enjoyed the patronage of nobles around Europe in the twelfth through fifteenth centuries.
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| C) | "The Great Charter"; English royal charter of liberties granted by King John in 1215. Intended to settle disputes over the rights and privileges of England's nobility.
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| D) | The art of analyzing logical relationships among propositions in a dialogue or discourse. Later, a philosophical term for Hegel, who applies the term simultaneously to both world history and ideas. It describes the development from one stage of consciousness to a superior one through a dynamic process of the fusion of contradictions into a higher truth.
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| E) | A special papal court instituted by Pope Gregory IX for the purpose of rooting out heresy.
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| F) | Monastic order founded in 1098; they emphasized the emotional devotion to Christ's and Mary's humility.
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| G) | A form of argument, or dialectic, developed in the Middle Ages, particularly with Abelard and Thomas Aquinas.
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| H) | Laws that applied to the entire kingdom and were thus distinct from local customs, especially associated with England.
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| I) | Orders of religious men, followers of Sts. Dominic and Francis of Assisi, who preached among the poor townsmen and lived a life of begging.
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| J) | Style of Western European architecture and art that developed in the twelfth century; the style is characterized by vaulting and pointed arches.
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| K) | Style of Western European architecture and art developed after 1000; the style is characterized by rounded arches, massive walls, and relatively simple ornamentation.
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