Zoology (Miller), 9th Edition

Chapter 17: Hemichordata and Invertebrate Chordates

Quiz



1.

Acorn worms are members of the class
A)Pterobranchia.
B)Enteropneusta.
C)Urochordata.
D)Osteichthyes.
2.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of members of the phylum Hemichordata?
A)open circulatory system
B)pharyngeal slits
C)dorsal, sometimes tubular, nerve cord
D)postanal tail
3.

Members of the class ______ use ciliated tentacles in filter feeding; usually live in secreted tubes in asexually produced colonies; and possess an expanded, shield-like proboscis. They live in deep oceanic water of the Southern Hemisphere.
A)Pterobranchia
B)Enteropneusta
C)Urochordata
D)Cephalochordata
4.

All of the following are characteristics of members of the phylum Chordata except one. Select the exception.
A)complete digestive tract
B)dorsal contractile blood vessel or heart
C)pharyngeal slits or pouches
5.

All of the following are unique to members of the phylum Chordata except one. Select the exception.
A)notochord
B)pharyngeal slits
C)ventral nerve cord
D)dorsal tubular nerve cord
6.

Tunicates or sea squirts are members of the chordate subphylum
A)Urochordata.
B)Cephalochordata.
C)Enteropneusta.
D)Pterobranchia.
7.

All of the following are characteristics of tunicates except one. Select the exception.
A)enlarged pharynx with pharyngeal slits
B)oral and atrial siphons
C)secreted tunic containing proteins, salts, and cellulose
D)oral cirri
8.

Cephalochordates circulate blood by
A)a heart.
B)contractile vessels.
C)the endostyle.
D)the atriopore.
9.

Amphioxus is a lancelet in the subphylum
A)Urochordata.
B)Cephalochordata.
C)Craniata.
D)Pterobranchia.
10.

All of the following are true of lancelets except one. Select the exception.
A)They are dioecious, and external fertilization results in free-swimming larvae.
B)The body wall forms a large atrium around the pharynx.
C)They are relatively weak swimmers and spend most of their time partly buried in a filter-feeding position.
D)Their notochord is restricted to the tail region.
11.

Which of the following is an opening to the outside of the body of a cephalochordate through which water exits the body after passing through pharyngeal slits?
A)oral siphon
B)atrial siphon
C)atriopore
D)anus
12.

The development of sexual maturity in a larval body form is called
A)parthenogenesis.
B)coevolution.
C)paedomorphosis.
D)morphogenesis.
13.

Which of the following characters can be used to distinguish Urochordata from all other chordates?
A)pharyngeal basket
B)endostyle
C)postanal tail
D)buccal apparatus
14.

Paedomorphosis may help explain the evolutionary origin of the ______ from the ______.
A)Urochordata/Cephalochordata
B)motile chordates/sessile ancestors
C)sessile chordates/motile ancestors
D)Urochordata/Hemichordata
15.

The oldest chordate fossils date to about __________________ before present.
A)5.3 million
B)53 million
C)530 million
D)5.3 billion
16.

Animals in the phyla Hemichordata and Chordata share deuterostomate characteristics with echinoderms.
A)True
B)False
17.

A tornaria larva is planktonic. As it matures, it settles to the substrate and grows into an adult pterobranch.
A)True
B)False
18.

The pharyngeal slits were used by earliest chordates for gas exchange. In many later chordates, they have become adapted for filter feeding.
A)True
B)False
19.

Larval tunicates are planktonic and tadpole-like. Even though the adult tunicates are initially difficult to recognize as members of the phylum Chordata, the larvae possess all four unique chordate characteristics.
A)True
B)False
20.

The notochord of members of the subphylum Cephalochordata is unique in that it is partly composed of muscle cells and is somewhat contractile.
A)True
B)False
21.

The oral siphon of a tunicate carries water, undigested food wastes, and gametes out of the tunicate's body.
A)True
B)False
22.

The atrium of cephalochordates is a diverticulum off the gut that extends anteriorly. It ends blindly and secretes digestive enzymes.
A)True
B)False
23.

The endostyle is transformed into the adrenal gland when a larval lamprey metamorphoses into an adult.
A)True
B)False
24.

Cephalochordates are filter feeders.
A)True
B)False
25.

From an evolutionary perspective, the origin of the cephalochordate/craniate clade is controversial.
A)True
B)False
26.

A ______ is a supportive rod that extends most of the length of the animal dorsal to the body cavity and into the tail.
A)tubular nerve cord
B)fin ray
C)notochord
D)ventral nerve rod
27.

In Phylum Chordata, pharyngeal slits always break through to form an open passageway to the outside.
A)True
B)False
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