Zoology (Miller), 9th Edition

Chapter 18: The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water

Quiz



1.

Which infraphylum contains the Hagfish?
A)Hyperotreti
B)Cephalaspidomorphi
C)Vertebrata
D)Chondrichthyes
2.

Members of the vertebrate class ____________ include the sharks, skates, and rays.
A)Osteichthyes
B)Cephalaspidomorphi
C)Placodermi
D)Chondrichthyes
3.

This class of bony fishes contains the lungfishes and coelacanths.
A)Actinopterygii
B)Cephalaspidomorphi
C)Chondrichthyes
D)Sarcopterygii
4.

Ammocoete larvae would be found
A)as planktonic inhabitants of the open ocean.
B)partially buried, filter feeding in coastal waters.
C)partially buried, filter feeding in a freshwater stream or river.
D)attached to a host fish.
5.

Adult members of the infraphylum Hyperotreti
A)are predators of fish.
B)are scavengers, feeding on dead and dying fish.
C)feed on algae attached to rocks and other substrates.
D)are filter feeders.
6.

A vascular network that allows gases to move from the blood stream into a fish's swim bladder is called the
A)pneumatic duct.
B)ovale.
C)rete mirabile.
D)glomerulus.
7.

Gases are reabsorbed into the blood stream from a swim bladder at the
A)pneumatic duct.
B)ovale.
C)rete mirabile.
D)glomerulus.
8.

The lateral line system may function in all of the following except one. Select the exception.
A)detecting water currents
B)detecting predators or prey that may be causing water movements
C)buoyancy regulation
D)detecting low-frequency sounds
9.

Blood flows from the conus ateriosus of the heart of a fish toward the
A)gills.
B)ventricle.
C)kidneys.
D)tail.
10.

All of the following are adaptations of freshwater fish for osmoregulation except one. Select the exception.
A)excreting hypotonic urine
B)actively transporting salts out of the blood at the gills
C)not drinking water
D)nephrons with large glomeruli and short tubule systems
11.

Most fishes excrete ______ as the primary nitrogenous byproduct of protein metabolism.
A)ammonia
B)urea
C)uric acid
D)creatine
12.

Diadromous fishes
A)live in murky environments and often rely on electroreception to detect objects in their environment.
B)possess both lungs and gills.
C)are open ocean fishes that force water over their gills through ram ventilation.
D)migrate between freshwater and marine environments.
13.

___________ are thought to be a part of the evolutionary lineage leading to terrestrial vertebrates.
A)Osteoleptifom fishes
B)Lungfishes
C)Elasmobranchii
D)Actinopterygii
14.

Which of the following is not a member of the infraphylum Vertebrata?
A)Hagfishes
B)Cartilaginous fishes
C)Ostracoderms
D)Bony fishes
15.

Gnathostomata is a monophyletic grouping and includes all of the following except one. Select the exception.
A)Lampreys
B)Cartilaginous fishes
C)Bony fishes
D)Tetrapods
E)Placoderms
16.

Blood and water move in opposite directions on either side of a gill lamellar epithelium. This movement provides very efficient gas exchange between blood and water and is called a countercurrent exchange mechanism.
A)True
B)False
17.

Sharks, skates, and rays regulate buoyancy using a swim bladder with a pneumatic duct connected to the esophagus.
A)True
B)False
18.

All members of the class Chondrichthyes possess placoid scales and lack an operculum.
A)True
B)False
19.

Lungfishes are probably the direct ancestors of the terrestrial vertebrates, according to recent evidence.
A)True
B)False
20.

Blood flows through the heart of a fish in the following sequence: conus arteriosus, ventricle, atrium, sinus venosus, ventral aorta.
A)True
B)False
21.

All fishes have a heart with a single, undivided ventricle and a single, undivided atrium.
A)True
B)False
22.

Some elasmobranchs and open ocean fishes force water over their gills by holding their mouth open while swimming. This method of gill ventilation is called ram ventilation.
A)True
B)False
23.

Most zoologists believe that swim bladders, like those found in modern bony fishes, were the forerunner of lungs.
A)True
B)False
24.

The tissues of a shark are isosmotic with seawater because of the accumulation of urea in body tissues.
A)True
B)False
25.

The limbs of some fossil sarcopterygian fishes show structural homologies with the limbs of tetrapods.
A)True
B)False
26.

The notochord is retained in adult hagfish
A)True
B)False
27.

Electroreception is the detection of electrical fields that fish or another organism in the environment generates.
A)True
B)False
28.

Which statement most accurately describes the reproductive biology of fishes.
A)Most species produce few eggs and exhibit high levels of parental care.
B)Most species produce few eggs and exhibit no parental care.
C)Most species produce many eggs and exhibit high levels of parental care.
D)Most species produce many eggs and may or may not exhibit parental care.
29.

The vast majority of fishes are _____, meaning that eggs develop outside the female from stored yolk.
A)oviparous
B)ovoviviparous
C)viviparous
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