1 The term "cancer" means _____.A) cell division B) out of control C) crablike D) lobster 2 Cancer is a relatively recent disease brought on by environmental carcinogens.A) True B) False 3 If 85% of lung cancer cases occur in heavy smokers, can lung cancer still have a genetic origin?A) Yes B) No 4 Cancer is a genetic disease at the ____ level.A) cellular B) whole body C) population D) All of the above 5 Which of the following statements about telomerase is INCORRECT?A) It is an enzyme that adds DNA to chromosome tips. B) It serves as the template for telomeres lengthening. C) It is not activated in cancer cells. D) Its activity continually resets the cellular clock. 6 Most cancers are _____________.A) sporadic B) inherited C) caused by germline mutations D) passed to future generations because the mutations are in every cell 7 Susceptibility for inherited cancer occurs due to mutations in _____.A) somatic cells only B) germline cells only C) nerve cells D) both somatic and germline cells 8 In which of the human cell types listed below is telomerase active?A) skin B) bone C) muscle D) gametes 9 True or False. A cancerous tumor eventually grows faster than surrounding tissues because a greater proportion of its cells are dividing.A) True B) False 10 Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells?A) loss of cell cycle control B) transplantability C) loss of contact inhibition D) All are characteristic of cancer cells. 11 Cancer stem cells are ____ specialized than stem cells, and ____ specialized than nearby differentiated cells.A) more; more B) more; less C) less; less D) less; more 12 Which of the following may contribute to causing cancer?A) a mutation in a gene that slows the cell cycle B) faulty DNA repair C) loss of control over telomere length D) all of the above 13 Cancer is often the result of activation of ____ to ____ and the inactivation of ____ genes.A) oncogenes; tumor-suppressor genes; proto-oncogenes B) proto-oncogenes; oncogenes; tumor-suppressor genes C) oncogenes; proto-oncogenes; tumor-suppressor genes D) proto-suppressor genes; suppressors; oncogenes 14 More then half of human cancers involve a point mutation or deletion in the _____.A) oncogene B) proto-oncogene C) p53 gene D) BRCA-1 gene 15 Inherited retinoblastoma requires ____ mutation(s) or deletion(s).A) one B) two C) three D) four 16 The Philadelphia chromosome is associated with which type of cancer?A) breast B) thyroid C) nerve D) leukemia 17 BRCA-1 is associated with which cancer?A) breast B) thyroid C) nerve D) leukemia 18 Which of the following cancers are caused by viruses?A) acute T cell leukemia B) Kaposi sarcoma C) cervical cancer D) all of these 19 An oncogene transcribed and translated with another gene produces a _____.A) transcribed protein B) fusion protein C) fusion cell D) cancer protein 20 The p53 protein normally promotes _____.A) mutation B) tumor formation C) uncontrolled cell division D) apoptosis 21 The p53 gene is especially prone to _____.A) point mutation B) chromosomal rearrangement C) crossing over D) None of the above 22 Which of the following cancers develops from loss of tumor suppression?A) acute promyelocytic leukemia B) Wilms' tumor C) Burkitt's lymphoma D) anal cancer following HPV infection, 23 A mutation in which gene is often an early event in colon cancer?A) APC B) BRCA1 C) P53 D) RB 24 Why is genetic counseling for familial breast cancer difficult?A) BRCA1 and BRCA2 are incompletely penetrant. B) Breast cancer can occur in other ways. C) Not all mutations are associated with disease. D) All of the above 25 FAP is an example of a type of cancer that _____.A) requires only one mutation to develop B) requires several mutations to develop C) is caused by unknown genes D) is not found in humans 26 Polyps are associated with ____ cancer.A) liver B) kidney C) stomach D) colon 27 The number of mutations in tumor cells tends to ______ as the tumor ages.A) increase B) decrease C) stay the same 28 Which type of study compares the incidence of a type of cancer among very different groups of people?A) population B) case-control C) prospective D) empiric 29 Which type of study would compare cancer rates seen in a group of individuals who take herbal supplements versus those in a control group who do not use the supplement?A) population B) case-control C) prospective D) empiric 30 Newer approaches to cancer treatments include _____.A) blocking hormone receptors B) stimulating cell specialization C) blocking telomerase D) inhibiting angiogenesis E) All of the above 31 Cancer cells anchor themselves to tissue boundaries, called ____, where they secrete enzymes that cut paths through healthy tissue.A) skin cells B) lung cells C) basement membranes D) angiogenesis 32 Cancer cells have surface structures that enable them to squeeze into any space, a property called _____.A) invasiveness B) angiogenesis C) dedifferentiation D) benign 33 A ____ tumor is one that grows in place but does not spread into, or "invade" surrounding tissue.A) metastasized B) benign C) malignant D) invasive 34 A cancer is ____, meaning that if a cancer cell is injected into a healthy animal of the same species, it will proliferate there.A) transplantable B) an oncogene C) a fusion protein D) differentiated 35 ____ refers to the formation of new blood vessels, which can be induced by cancer cells.A) Heritable B) Invasive C) Angiogenesis D) Apoptosis