Introduction to Physical Science

Chapter 3: Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Properties of Atoms and the Periodic Table

1.
Which of the following models of the atom reflects the unpredictable motion of the electron?
A)solid ball the same throughout
B)small ball within a large shell containing empty space
C)electron cloud
D)ball of raisin-cookie dough with raisins representing electrons
2.
The atomic mass of an element is __________ of that element.
A)the number of protons plus the number of neutrons of an atom
B)the average mass of an atom
C)the number of electrons in each atom
D)the number of protons in each atom
3.
__________ are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
A)Isotopes
B)Alpha particles
C)Compounds
D)Beta particles
4.
Scientists have broken down protons and neutrons into smaller particles called __________.
A)isotopes
B)quarks
C)nuclei
D)vacuoles
5.
An atom containing six positive charges and six negative charges has __________ charge.
A)a strong negative
B)a positive
C)a negative
D)no net
6.
Which of the following is the correct chemical symbol for carbon?
A)Crbn
B)C
C)Ca
D)Car
7.
Which of the following atomic particles is electrically neutral?
A)positron
B)proton
C)electron
D)neutron
8.
The negatively charged particles outside the nucleus of an atom are __________.
A)neutrons
B)extracellular material
C)quarks
D)electrons
9.
The __________ is a chart created by chemists to organize the elements according to repeated changes on properties.
A)periodic table
B)mass number
C)metalloid list
D)isotope
10.
The discovery of the sixth quark was accomplished by __________.
A)using the Hubble Space telescope
B)studying proton collisions
C)experimenting with a cathode ray tube
D)bombarding gold foil with alpha particles
11.
Which of the following methods would be most useful for describing atoms?
A)visualizing with a microscope
B)touching with bare hands
C)observing in a test tube
D)constructing a model
12.
Atoms consist of a positively charged center called a(n) __________.
A)proton
B)nucleus
C)electron
D)neutron
13.
Aristotle believed that matter was __________.
A)uniform throughout
B)composed of molecules
C)capable of being broken down into smaller parts
D)composed of atoms
14.
The __________ of an element is the number of __________ of an atom of that element.
A)atomic mass, electrons in the nucleus
B)atomic number, protons in the nucleus
C)mass number, neutrons in the nucleus
D)mass number, protons plus neutrons in the outermost energy level
15.
The __________ of an atom is the number of neutrons plus protons.
A)mass number
B)nucleus number
C)half-life
D)atomic number
16.
What nineteenth-century English scientist offered proof that atoms existed?
A)Aristotle
B)Democritus
C)John Dalton
D)Isaac Newton
17.
A(n) __________ is a method of representing atoms and the electrons in their outer energy levels.
A)chemical formula
B)electron dot diagram
C)chemical symbol
D)chemical equation
18.
Who formed the first periodic table?
A)Mendeleev
B)Moseley
C)Democritus
D)Dalton
19.
Democritus believed that the universe was made of empty space and __________.
A)atoms
B)elements
C)molecules
D)compounds
20.
Which of the following atomic particles is positively charged?
A)negatron
B)proton
C)neutron
D)electron