Glencoe World History © 2008

Chapter 10: Europe in the Middle Ages

Web Activity Lesson Plans

Gargoyles and Gothic Architecture

Introduction

The cathedrals of the eleventh and twelfth centuries were built in the Romanesque style—with arched (or barreled) vaults and massive pillars and walls. Gothic architecture, which arose in the late twelfth and thirteen centuries, differed from the Romanesque style by three distinct characteristics: pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. Both styles added functional and ornamental creatures called gargoyles to the exterior. In this activity, students will learn why these creatures were added to cathedrals.

Lesson Description
Students will go to a Web site about the history and functionality of gargoyles. They will answer five questions about the topic.

Instructional Objectives

1. The learner will be able to explain the function of gargoyles.
2. The learner will be able to describe the history of gargoyles.

Student Web Activity Answers

1. Gargoyles were added to Gothic cathedrals to act as sentries or guardians or the structures they inhabit. They also acted as functioning waterspouts or gutters.



2. The word gargoyle originated with the Latin word gurgulio, which means “throat” and also the sound water makes passing through the throat (gargle or gurgle).



3. They were called chimera or grotesques.



4. Most gargoyles are modeled after a creature known as a Griffin, or a winged lion with an eagle's beak, and dragons.



5. St. Romanus agreed to kill the dragon La Gargouille, which was terrorizing the hamlet of Rouen, if the people agreed to be baptized. The people agreed, and after the dragon was killed, its head and neck were mounted on the church.