Chemistry Concepts and Applications

Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry

Chapter Test Practice

1
Alpha radiation consists of __________.

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A)helium nuclei
B)electrons
C)high-energy light particles
D)neutrons
2
When alpha particles leave a nucleus, that nucleus is __________.

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A)no longer uranium
B)no longer radioactive
C)the same element
D)the same isotope
3
About what percent of nuclei remain after 1.5 half lives?

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A)50%
B)1%
C)20%
D)36%
4
After a/an __________ substance is exposed to light, it continues to give off the light it has absorbed.
A)fluorescent
B)organic
C)phosphorescent
D)radioactive
5
__________ produces a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation.
A)alpha decay
B)beta decay
C)delta decay
D)gamma decay
6
This radioactive isotope is commonly used to determine the age of once-living organisms.
A)carbon-14
B)nitrogen-14
C)oxygen-16
D)sodium-23
7
Given that the half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years, how old is a fossilized organism that contains 25.0% of the carbon-14 it did when it was alive?
A)5730 y
B)11,460 y
C)17,190 y
D)22,920 y
8
Unstable atomic nuclei emit radiation to __________.
A)attain more stable atomic configurations
B)gain electrons
C)gain neutrons
D)lose protons
9
The half-life for tritium is 12.32 years. How long will it take for a 10.00-g sample of tritium to decay until 1.875 g remain?

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A)0.66 years
B)5.3 years
C)25 years
D)31 years
10
Only these electromagnetic waves have enough energy to qualify as ionizing radiation

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A)radio and microwaves
B)visible light and infrared waves
C)ultraviolet light and visible light
D)x-rays and gamma rays
11
The splitting of an atomic nucleus into two or more large fragments is called __________.
A)alpha decay
B)beta decay
C)nuclear fission
D)nuclear fusion
12
Pu-239 is used to fuel a type of nuclear fission reactor called a __________.
A)breeder reactor
B)fusion reactor
C)linear accelerator
D)synchrotron
13
The products of the fusion reaction involving deuterium and tritium are a neutron and this particle.
A)an alpha particle
B)a beta particle
C)a protium nucleus
D)a U-235 nucleus
14
Gamma radiation produced by cobalt-60 is often used to __________.
A)conduct PET scans
B)destroy cancerous cells
C)diagnose cancer
D)produce other radioisotopes
15
Exposure to __________ can extend the shelf life of food.
A)alpha particles
B)bacteria
C)gamma radiation
D)heat
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