Chemistry Concepts and Applications

Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry

Standardized Test Practice

1
Beta radiation consists of __________.
A)helium nuclei
B)electrons
C)high-energy light particles
D)neutrons
2
When a nucleus emits an alpha particle, the nucleus loses __________ proton(s) and __________ neutron(s).

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A)one; one
B)one;two
C)two; two
D)two; one
3
About what percent of nuclei remain after 2.5 half lives?

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A)50%
B)6%
C)19%
D)13%
4
If radiation passes through paper, it is most likely __________.

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A)alpha radiation
B)beta radiation
C)gamma radiation
D)either beta or gamma radiation
5
In an ionizing smoke detector, smoke particles interfere with the flow of ions created by __________ from americium-241.
A)alpha particles
B)atoms
C)electrons
D)gamma rays
6
This portable device detects radioactivity and contains a battery and a gas-filled cylinder.
A)cyclotron
B)film badge
C)geiger counter
D)scintillation counter
7
The half-life of technetium-99 is 6.0 hours. How much of a 1.000-gram sample remains after 18.0 hours?
A)0.125 g
B)0.250 g
C)0.500 g
D)8.000 g
8
Which of the following types of radiation will pass directly through an electric field without being deflected?
A)alpha particle
B)beta particle
C)delta ray
D)gamma ray
9
If a thorium-230 atom undergoes alpha decay, what are the products of the reaction?
A)actinium and an alpha particle
B)actinium and a positron
C)radium and an alpha particle
D)radium and a positron
10
In the nuclear fusion reaction shown, the products are __________ and __________.

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A)hydrogen and helium
B)helium and a neutron
C)deuterium and tritium
D)deuterium and helium
11
Radon is produced by naturally radioactive elements such as __________ found in rocks.

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A)hydrogen
B)uranium
C)silicon
D)carbon
12
These particles sustain a nuclear fission chain reaction.
A)alpha particles
B)beta particles
C)neutrons
D)protons
13
Two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus in this process.
A)covalent bonding
B)nuclear fusion
C)nuclear fission
D)nuclear splitting
14
If one fission reaction of a uranium-235 atom produced two neutrons, how many neutrons would be released if the chain reaction occurred three more times?
A)2
B)4
C)8
D)16
15
This element accounts for most of the ionizing radiation to which people are exposed.
A)carbon
B)hydrogen
C)phosphorus
D)radon
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