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| 1 | |
Surface tension in the pleural cavity is reduced by |
| | A) | the viscosity of the pleural fluid |
| | B) | creation of negative and positive electrical charges |
| | C) | the attraction of water molecules in pleural fluid |
| | D) | surfactant |
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| 2 | |
Primary cancers of the lung usually arise in the |
| | A) | alveolar ducts |
| | B) | pleural membranes |
| | C) | bronchial epithelium |
| | D) | thoracic wall |
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| 3 | |
The force responsible for normal expiration comes mainly from |
| | A) | contraction of intercostal muscles |
| | B) | elastic recoil of tissues in the lung and thoracic wall |
| | C) | changes in the surface tension within the alveoli |
| | D) | contraction of abdominal muscles to push the diaphragm upward |
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| 4 | |
The air that enters and leaves the lungs during one quiet, resting respiratory cycle is called the |
| | A) | tidal volume |
| | B) | vital capacity |
| | C) | total lung capacity |
| | D) | functional residual capacity |
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| 5 | |
The neurons most important in stimulating the diaphragm are located in the |
| | A) | dorsal respiratory group |
| | B) | ventral respiratory group |
| | C) | pontine respiratory group |
| | D) | midbrain respiratory cells |
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| 6 | |
The respiratory areas respond to concentrations of |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | hydroxyl groups |
| | D) | bicarbonate |
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| 7 | |
The inflation reflex is activated by |
| | A) | stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli |
| | B) | an increase in hydrogen ions |
| | C) | a decrease in oxygen saturation |
| | D) | a sudden fall in blood pressure |
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| 8 | |
The walls of the alveoli contain |
| | A) | simple squamous epithelium |
| | B) | simple cuboidal epithelium |
| | C) | stratified squamous epithelium |
| | D) | simple columnar epithelium |
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| 9 | |
The most abundant gas in room air is |
| | A) | water vapor |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | carbon dioxide |
| | D) | nitrogen |
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| 10 | |
Oxyhemoglobin forms when |
| | A) | oxygen levels in the tissue are low |
| | B) | oxygen dissolves in the blood plasma |
| | C) | binds to hemoglobin |
| | D) | carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin |
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| 11 | |
Choose the true statement regarding transport of carbon dioxide in the blood. |
| | A) | Carbaminohemoglobin is found in the plasma. |
| | B) | Conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions occurs primarily in the plasma. |
| | C) | Most of the carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma. |
| | D) | Carbon dioxide can be carried by hemoglobin. |
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| 12 | |
Nasal conchae, found on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, increase the surface area of nasal mucus membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
Moisture is removed from air as it moves through the nasal cavity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
The larynx conducts air in and out of the trachea, keeps foreign objects out of the trachea, and houses the vocal cords. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
The glottis is a flap-like structure that closes the larynx. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
As the branches of the bronchioles become smaller, there are fewer smooth muscle fibers in their walls. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
The right and left lungs each have three lobes: an upper, middle, and a lower lobe. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
As the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity increases, and pressure within the cavity decreases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
Attraction of the pleural membranes to each other helps expand the lungs in all directions and maintain reduced pressure in the thorax compared to the atmosphere. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 20 | |
Both inspiration and expiration are normally active processes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 21 | |
Contraction of the internal intercostal and abdominal muscles can squeeze higher than normal volumes of air from the lungs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 22 | |
An increase in hydrogen ion and carbon dioxide concentration will cause the respiratory rate and tidal volume to increase. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 23 | |
Hyperventilation is safely used by swimmers to hold their breath while swimming. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 24 | |
Gases in the alveoli must cross two layers of epithelium and a layer of fused basement membrane to reach the blood. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
There are two folds of muscle and connective tissues in the larynx called the vocal cords or folds, the inferior pair are the true vocal cords involved in speech. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 26 | |
Less oxygen is released from oxyhemoglobin in an acidic environment. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 27 | |
Carbon monoxide is toxic to the body because it forms a stable compound with hemoglobin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
Why is the cartilage of the trachea shaped like a C instead of an O? |
| | A) | the aorta is directly behind it |
| | B) | so when swallowing, the esophagus can expand behind it. |
| | C) | C rings are more stable than O rings |
| | D) | the inferior vena cava is directly behind it |
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