Introduction to Criminal Justice

Chapter 3: Explaining Crime

Self-Check Quizzes

1
What did Lombroso call a person predisposed to crime?
A)a stigmata
B)an atavist
C)a criminaloid
D)a psychopath
2
For Cesare Beccaria, the basis of society, as well as the origin of punishments and the right to punish, is:
A)utility.
B)specific deterrence.
C)general deterrence.
D)the social contract.
3
Which of the following theorists is associated with body type theories?
A)William Sheldon
B)Cesare Lombroso
C)Johan Caspar Lavater
D)Joseph Gall
4
With whom are psychoanalytic theories of crime causation associated?
A)Sigmund Freud
B)Cesare Lombroso
C)William Sheldon
D)H. H. Goddard
5
Which of the following theories is associated with the first large-scale study of crime in the United States?
A)anomie theory
B)functionalist theory
C)labeling theory
D)social disorganization theory
6
The research of the Chicago School was based on a model taken from:
A)psychoanalysis.
B)ecology.
C)history.
D)sociology.
7
According to Merton, ____ do not actively pursue the cultural goal of wealth (they are willing to settle for less), but follow the legitimate institutional means anyway.
A)rebels
B)ritualists
C)conformists
D)innovators
8
For Sutherland, ______ describes communities that vary in the degree to which they promote or inhibit criminal associations based on the way or to the degree that they are organized.
A)collective conscience
B)social disorganization
C)differential social organization
D)differential association
9
From the perspective of ____, people are expected to commit crime and delinquency unless they are prevented from doing so.
A)learning theory
B)differential association theory
C)role theory
D)social control theory
10
Radical theories of crime causation are generally based on the ideas of:
A)Karl Marx.
B)Susan B. Anthony.
C)Travis Hirschi.
D)Edwin Sutherland.
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